I first heard about PANDAS when I was around ten years old, and to be honest it sounded unreal. The idea that harmless strep throat could spark lasting changes in a child’s behavior felt more like fiction than fact. Yet, for many families, PANDAS is a life-changing reality. What Exactly Is PANDAS? PANDAS stands for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections.  It’s a subset of a broader condition known as PANS ( Pediatric Acute-on

We all know sleep is important. However, lately, science is proving just how crucial it is, and not just for our physical health but for our mental wellbeing too. Sleep isn't just about resting, it’s when your brain does some serious work behind the scenes. If you're not getting enough sleep, your mind can really start to feel the effects. What happens while you sleep? When we sleep, our brain goes through different stages, with two major phases: REM sleep (where we dream) an

What is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 Diabetes is a type of autoimmune disease that is chronic (life-long) and prevents insulin production in the pancreas. Type 1 Diabetes was previously referred to as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes.  Insulin is a critical hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels. Under normal conditions, the body digests the ingested carbohydrates into simple sugars, primarily glucose, which is the body’s most important

The Hidden Risk in Childhood Allergies Severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, can become fatal within minutes. In the United States, deaths among young children are rare, but when they occur, they highlight preventable gaps in recognition, treatment, and equitable access to care. How Common Are Fatal Allergic Reactions? National data from 1999–2010 recorded 2,458 anaphylaxis-related deaths across all ages. Most involved medications in older adults, but fatal food re

The psychological issues among children and adolescents are getting progressively worse.  Up to 20% of children and adolescents worldwide are struggling with mental illnesses, but most of them never get the help they need.  The disparity is exacerbated by stigma, a lack of child psychiatrists, and restricted access to care, particularly in low- and middle-income nations.    With its ability to provide early detection, digital interventions, and individualized care, artificial

Introduction In medical research and healthcare decision-making, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have traditionally been regarded as the “gold standard.” However, RCTs often face limitations such as restricted sample populations, short follow-up periods, and high costs. These constraints limit the generalizability of their findings to real-world clinical settings. Real-World Evidence (RWE) has emerged in response to these challenges. RWE is scientific evidence generated f

From Clinical Trials to the Real World Data collection has always been an indispensable part of the drug development process. Traditionally, after a drug is approved for market release, structured data collection from real-world settings has primarily focused on pharmacovigilance for safety monitoring. However, in recent years, both the academic community and regulatory agencies have increasingly recognized that relying solely on clinical trial data is insufficient to compreh

By: Nesredin Hassen Yesuf LinkedIn  | Email Introduction Hypertension, often described as the “silent killer,” remains one of the most important global health challenges of the 21st century. Affecting more than 1.28 billion adults worldwide, hypertension is both a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and a critical driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1,2]. The relationship between blood pressure and renal health is bidirectional: uncontrolled hypertension damages the k

Photo courtesy of Unsplash It takes a lot of coordination to stand upright. Your alarm clock rings and awakens you from sleep. You stretch your arms and legs, kick off the bedcovers and sit up onto the side of your bed. You stretch your limbs again, rub your eyes, then get up and walk out of your bedroom down the hall to the bathroom. You proceed to urinate, wash your hands and face, then wander to the kitchen to make a pot of coffee. Every single movement you just made from

OVERVIEW     When we think of hair loss, we naturally associate it with men.  However, hair loss affects up to one-third of women as well.   More so than men, women are more likely to experience thinning rather than hair loss.  There are many underlying causes of hair loss and thinning, so let’s discuss them. TYPES OF HAIR LOSS First, let us address the different kinds of hair loss.  Some types of hair loss or thinning are permanent, and some are temporary. Androgenic alopeci

Whenever we hear the word genetic , the first thing that comes to mind is that the whole family would be affected or that it would definitely be passed down. This can create confusion or mayhem. But in reality, this is not true in most cases. The terms mutation  and genetic variant  are often used interchangeably. In this article, we mostly use variant , while some of the visuals may refer to mutation , they mean the same thing in this context. What Are Genetic Variants? Gene

Introduction The moment a newborn takes its first breath marks one of the most dramatic transformations in human life. Tiny lungs expand with air instead of fluid, and a cascade of changes begins that determines survival and long-term health. The first 16 to 17 hours, about 1,000 minutes, represent a critical window of adaptation, bonding, and biological programming that shape the future. During this time, babies must shift from the protected womb to the outside world while f

Robotic Surgery and AI Recently the presence of artificial intelligence has become widespread, and one may wonder what robotic surgery actually entails. As with most AI it can be used as an adjunct for medical professionals. Although the surgical robots do contain some adaptive AI, all surgical robots currently only provide assistance to the surgeon performing the procedure. They do not perform anything independently. History of Robotic Surgery The idea of robotic surgery cam

Demonstration of ejection fraction Background knowledge What is ejection fraction (EF)？ EF is the fraction of the blood ejected...

Migraines aren't just bad headaches. For millions of people worldwide, they come with pounding pain, nausea and that dreaded sensitivity to light or sound. While medications can help, many of us want safer, natural options we can add to our routine. So let's break down what really works: from food to lifestyle and supplements when it actually comes to finding relief from chronic migraines. What Triggers Migraines? The first step to relief is figuring out your personal

When we think about the protective mechanisms our body utilizes to protect us against infections, the first thought is our immune system....

Author: Precious Kilpatrick RN, MSN In the United States 129 million people have at least one chronic illness. Seven thousand people die...

TAR-200 is a groundbreaking, pretzel-shaped drug-device designed to transform the treatment landscape for patients with high-risk...

Image by Freepik What is infertility? Infertility is defined as the inability to get pregnant after one year of trying. It is a complex...

By: Nesredin Hassen Yesuf LinkedIn  | Email Introduction While the kidney is classically known for its role in excretion and...