If your child is still wetting the bed, you’re not alone—and more importantly, it’s not their fault. Bedwetting is common, treatable, and almost always temporary. Here’s what parents need to know to help their child with confidence. Bedwetting at night is called nocturnal enuresis and it may continue to occur in older kids and even teens. It happens more often than you probably think, but it can be frustrating and worrisome. Primary enuresis is when a child has always wet t

Extracurricular Activities and Mental Health in Children Positive mental health in children is fundamental in helping children to function well at home, in schools, in peer relationships and in society 2 . Extracurricular activities have been found to improve children's mental health by providing links to peers and community as well as fostering feelings of acceptance and belonging 1 . Definition of Extracurricular Activities Extracurricular activities are defined as activiti

Figure 1. Clinical assessment of tibial torsion in a child: (A) prone examination with the knees flexed to 90°; (B) measurement of the thigh–foot angle (TFA); (C) assessment of the external transmalleolar (tibial) torsion angle (ETT). Rotational deformities are common childhood differences in the way the legs and feet point while standing, walking, or running. Parents often notice intoeing (“pigeon toes”) or out-toeing (feet pointing outward). In most children these patter

Introduction When a child lives with a chronic physical illness, stress becomes part of their everyday life. The influx of doctor visits, medications, ongoing symptoms, and feelings of exclusion from peers can contribute to declines in mental health. Reports of declining mental health among children are not new, but the reasons behind this decline remain unclear. A recent Canadian study offers an important suggestion: long-term stress leaves a biological fingerprint, and that

Mother provide immune protection both in utero and during breast-feeding. Passive Immunity: Our immune systems are vital for our protection against the various pathogens we are exposed to. There are two arms of immune protections: Innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity provides protection through recognition of pathogen-associated products, triggering an immune response aims to clear the pathogen. The adaptive immune response is more trained and establishes l

Fathers want to be involved in their infant’s care, as asserted in the seminal work of Garfield and Isacco (2006). Moreover, fathers have unique concerns and questions that should be addressed at well-child visits. Pediatricians and other healthcare providers play a vital role in supporting fathers during well-child visits (Garfield & Isacco, 2006; Yogman & Craig, 2016). Further, research has shown that involving fathers in well-child visits greatly improves their child’s hea

Image Credit: Freepik In the recent decade the onset of puberty in girls is occurring at an earlier age. The timing of of puberty is dependent on genetic and epigenetic factors. The early onset of puberty in girls has raised concerns about what the causes might be and what are the potential risks associated with it. Hormones and Puberty The trigger for the onset of puberty lies in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a gland that releases hormone

Child Abuse can come in different shapes and forms; it can be verbal, physical, psychological, and mental. Unfortunately, Child abuse is the reality of many homes for kids, no matter what day and age we are in. It can significantly impact the growth of children, hinder their potential and talent, and diminish their joy and happiness in life. No matter the age, no child deserves to go through the pain and manipulation of someone they once considered to be their loved one. Effe

Introduction DICER1 is a gene that plays a crucial role in microRNA (miRNA) processing and, by extension, the regulation of gene expression. Germline mutations in DICER1 cause DICER1 syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome primarily affecting children and young adults. Recognizing the clinical spectrum of DICER1-related disorders is essential for early detection, surveillance, and genetic counseling. What is the DICER1 Gene? The DICER1 g

In many high schools today, an underlying but persistent issue has been spreading through classrooms and hallways: chronic exhaustion. Students often mention late nights, heavy workloads, and restless sleep almost casually, as if constant fatigue has become an expected part of being a teenager. What once might have been an occasional lapse in rest now appears to be a daily reality for many. As reports from educators and healthcare professionals continue to highlight the rise

The psychological issues among children and adolescents are getting progressively worse. Up to 20% of children and adolescents worldwide are struggling with mental illnesses, but most of them never get the help they need. The disparity is exacerbated by stigma, a lack of child psychiatrists, and restricted access to care, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. With its ability to provide early detection, digital interventions, and individualized care, artificial

After your precious baby is born and you have had your golden hour with them, your healthcare team will start performing routine newborn procedures. If you are in a hospital setting, these procedures typically include three preventative interventions: erythromycin eye ointment, vitamin K, and the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. This article will discuss what each of these interventions is intended to prevent. Erythromycin Eye Ointment Erythromycin is an antibiotic that

Abstract Current insights and trends in early-onset Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes (T2D), once considered a disease of older adults, is increasingly diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. This trend poses significant clinical and public health challenges, including early onset complications, psychosocial impacts, and health system strain. This article explores the drivers behind the rise of early-onset T2D, current management challenges, and the need for innovative preve

I first heard about PANDAS when I was around ten years old, and to be honest it sounded unreal. The idea that harmless strep throat could spark lasting changes in a child’s behavior felt more like fiction than fact. Yet, for many families, PANDAS is a life-changing reality. What Exactly Is PANDAS? PANDAS stands for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections. It’s a subset of a broader condition known as PANS ( Pediatric Acute-on

The Hidden Risk in Childhood Allergies Severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, can become fatal within minutes. In the United States, deaths among young children are rare, but when they occur, they highlight preventable gaps in recognition, treatment, and equitable access to care. How Common Are Fatal Allergic Reactions? National data from 1999–2010 recorded 2,458 anaphylaxis-related deaths across all ages. Most involved medications in older adults, but fatal food re

The psychological issues among children and adolescents are getting progressively worse. Up to 20% of children and adolescents worldwide are struggling with mental illnesses, but most of them never get the help they need. The disparity is exacerbated by stigma, a lack of child psychiatrists, and restricted access to care, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. With its ability to provide early detection, digital interventions, and individualized care, artificial

Introduction The moment a newborn takes its first breath marks one of the most dramatic transformations in human life. Tiny lungs expand with air instead of fluid, and a cascade of changes begins that determines survival and long-term health. The first 16 to 17 hours, about 1,000 minutes, represent a critical window of adaptation, bonding, and biological programming that shape the future. During this time, babies must shift from the protected womb to the outside world while f

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Multilingual Minds: Built for Brilliance From a baby’s first babbling speech to a teenager’s thoughtful conversations, speaking more than...

When a baby is born and needs to go to the NICU parents have many questions and they are in shock. One of the first questions parents ask...