Migraines are a complex neurological disorder that is characterized by debilitating symptoms, which may include throbbing head pain, visual disturbances (aura), nausea, and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. Unlike regular headaches, migraines involve specific nerve pathways and regions of the brain. Biomedical engineering is pioneering in a new era of migraine care by introducing innovative tools and techniques that fundamentally change how these conditions are under

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the islet cells (insulin producing cells) of the pancreas. This results in the body producing very little to no insulin, the horomone necessary for cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy. Without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood, which, if not properly regulated, can lead to serious health problems and life-threatening complications. However, r

What is the Scientific Method? You may not remember the science classes you took in school, but those classes probably introduced you to the scientific method. If you entered a science fair, you almost certainly used the scientific method to formulate a question and hypothesis, design experiments to test the hypothesis, and reach conclusions about your question. In those early learning contexts, the scientific method is straightforward and easy to follow. In more advanced s

Image from Johns Hopkins Engineering for Professionals - Johns Hopkins University What is Biomedical Engineering? Biomedical Engineering, as stated in the name, is simply a combination of biology and engineering, which enables professionals in the field to make "technological breakthroughs in medical devices, procedures, and patient care" (Michigan Tech). Professionals in this field are known as "biomedical engineers" and work in various industries, laboratories, and hospital

Introduction: A Microbial Defense Becomes Medicine CRISPR , short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats , was first discovered in bacteria and archaea as a natural defense mechanism against viruses. These sequences store snippets of viral DNA, effectively creating a genetic memory that allows the organism to recognize and destroy invaders. Over decades, scientists have harnessed this system to develop powerful gene-editing tools , with applications now

When asked what my favorite rabbit hole to go down when it comes to medicine, it was no surprise. It is related to a family disease process, mitochondrial disease. At 19, M, my grandson, is a functioning high school graduate with many quirks and twists. Today, one sees a tall, very thin, quiet, long red-haired man with a beard that is patchy in places but covers much of his face.  As you walk past him you notice he is very quiet, even if he is talking to someone. His eyes are

Image by Freepik Real world evidence (RWE) is transforming the current healthcare landscape. By the use of robust data analytics tools, data collected through routine clinical practice is converted into RWE. The insights and evidence generated are valuable in guiding healthcare decision making for better patient outcomes. What is Real World Data? Real World Data (RWD) is all patient data collected in everyday clinical practice through a variety of sources. The U.S. Food and D

Obesity is a public-health challenge with complex causes beyond simple caloric imbalance. Emerging evidence points towards the gut microbial ecosystem - known as the gut microbiota - as a biological factor influencing energy homeostasis, metabolism and inflammation. The interactions between diet, environment and microbiota may in part help explain why many individuals may struggle to either lose weight or maintain weight loss. Recent advances in our understanding of gut micro

(World Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week: September 15–21) September 15–21 is World Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week. In honor of this week, this article explains what mitochondria are, their genetics, the diseases associated with them, and why awareness is important. What Are Mitochondria? If you recall your biology classes, you may remember the phrase: “mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.” That is essentially their main function. Our bodies are made of tril

The Problem: A Heart That Can't Heal Itself Heart disease remains one of the world’s top killers, largely because the human heart has almost no natural ability to repair itself. When heart tissue is damaged, like after a heart attack, the lost cardiomyocytes (the muscle cells that make the heart beat) do not grow back. As a result, many patients face long-term heart failure, and even transplants are limited by donor shortages and rejection risks. Stem Cells Enter The Picture

Introduction CAR-T cell therapy stands as one of the most groundbreaking innovations in cancer treatment in recent years. By “reprogramming” a patient's own immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells, this personalized therapy offers the prospect of cure for various hematologic malignancies—including lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Yet behind the miracle of CAR-T lies a significant economic burden. Due to its highly complex manufacturing and administration pr

Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of adult leukemia and one of the most aggressive blood cancers. It mainly affects older adults and is marked by the rapid buildup of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy ones. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation can help some patients, but many—especially older individuals—either cannot tolerate these treatments or eventually relapse. In recent years, scientists have

Image from GoMo Health ( https://gomohealth.com/oncology/nfcr/clinical-trial-graphic-research/ ) Why Clinical Trials? When new treatments are being developed, there comes a point when they must be evaluated on humans. This ensures that new treatments are both safe and effective. In the United States, human testing occurs in multiple phases called clinical trials. Later phases of these trials are aimed at ensuring that new drugs have a positive effect on patients with the t

Most people hit the gym to build muscle or lose some weight, but research shows the brain may be one of the biggest winners when we move our bodies. Far beyond burning calories, exercise sparks neurochemical and structural changes that shape how we think, feel, and remember. Reviews of recent studies demonstrate that both single exercise sessions and long-term physical activity directly impact brain function and plasticity. What’s happening in your brain? When you exercise, t

Stem Cells vs. Progenitor Cells: What's Better? The field of regenerative medicine is rapidly progressing and emerging as a promising solution for regaining the normal functioning of organs and tissues. Regenerative medicine works by repairing and regrowing damaged cells, thereby enhancing the regular operation in its targeted area. Regenerative therapy involves the incorporation of specialized cells that can generate new tissues, and to understand this mechanism, it is cruci

When it comes to getting in shape, losing weight, building muscle, and staying in shape, “track your macros” is so 2022. Could there be another way, a better way toward optimal health in 2025? In this article we’ll discuss why it may be time to start trending a new health and wellness phrase: “Step up your peptides.” Peptides? Perhaps you have never heard of peptides. What are  they, and what do they have to do with health and getting into shape? When it comes to our bodies,

In today’s fast-moving world of medicine, it’s no surprise that laboratories are beginning to reshape the way we think about blood transfusions. One of the most exciting steps in this direction is the RESTORE study —a clinical trial that, for the first time, transfused red blood cells grown entirely in a lab into human volunteers. Unlike traditional transfusions, this experiment used cells generated from adult stem cells, creating a small but history-making “mini-transfusion.

Introduction What if treating cancer could be as simple as taking a pill — but not just any pill, a smart pill  that travels through your body, locates the tumor, and delivers medication exactly where it’s needed? This vision is becoming more realistic as researchers develop capsule-targeted drug delivery systems , designed to improve treatment outcomes while reducing side effects. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which circulates through the entire body and often causes unwa

What is myocardial infarction?   A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (the myocardium) is suddenly blocked, most often by a blood clot. An MI can sometimes go unnoticed, but it may also lead to severe complications such as hemodynamic deterioration—an inadequate supply of oxygen to the body’s organs—or even death. The primary cause of myocardial infarction is coronary artery disease, though genetic factors

Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) is revolutionizing the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, promising earlier detection, better patient stratification, and accelerated drug discovery. Here is a comprehensive overview of how AI is transforming Alzheimer’s care in 2025 Early Detection of Alzheimer's Early Diagnosis and Risk Prediction in Alzheimer's AI has enabled the identification of early risk factors by analyzing large-scale patient data—including