Have you ever wondered why your provider prescribes a specific medication for your hypertension? Have you ever wondered how effective it is? Or why is it a certain medication that works better for yourself or another person? Well studies have revealed an important connection between hypertension treatment and ethnicity that changes how individuals should be treated. What is Hypertension? As described by the Cleveland Clinic, hypertension is a common condition that affects the

What is Bronchiectasis? Bronchiectasis (pronunciation: bron-ki-ek-tas-is) is a chronic lung disease characterized by the permanent dilation or widening of airways (tubes carrying air to the lungs) and impaired clearance of mucus. A thin layer of mucus is required to trap inhaled foreign particles, but excessive mucus can promote bacterial growth, leading to recurrent infections and further damage to the airways. Bronchiectasis is broadly divided into two categories: cystic fi

Liver Anatomy The liver is the largest internal organ in the body. It is in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen directly below the diaphragm. The liver has four lobes, 2 of which are visible in the diagram, and 2 smaller lobes behind the larger ones. It is also contained in a fibrous layer of connective tissue that surrounds the organ. This layer protects the liver. As noted in the above diagram, it has a portal vein that carries 75% of the blood flow. It carries the deox

Vitamin D is important during the teenage years because it helps the body absorb calcium, which is needed to build strong bones (National Institutes of Health [NIH], Office of Dietary Supplements, 2025). One national study found that about 9% of children and young people ages 1 to 21 were vitamin D deficient, representing about 7.6 million people at the time of the study (Kumar et al., 2009). Adolescence is an important period of bone development. During these years, bones gr

By Kat Pachas BSN, RN Imagine never knowing whether your next meal or a stressful day will throw your gut into chaos. For millions of women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), this happens every day. They deal with unpredictable waves of cramping, bloating, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea (6, 9, 17). For them, these symptoms can feel like they have a mind of their own. IBS is very common, affecting 10–20% of the global population. Women are up to th

Abida Mozid, BSc Biomedical Science Figure 1: Depiction of anitbodies (17) Biologics are a group of medications derived from living organisms, such as yeast, bacteria or plant and animal cells. (1) They have transformed how many autoimmune diseases are treated. Most biologics are intended to target pathways of the immune system implicated in inflammation and disease, in contrast to traditional medications that may impact multiple immune processes in the body. They are typical

Medical Cannabis: What You Need to Know About THC, CBD, CBN, and CBC

Giving birth is a remarkable experience, but the physical effects of labor can sometimes continue even after the baby arrives. Some women experience numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness in the legs or feet after a vaginal delivery. While these symptoms can be alarming, they may sometimes be caused by temporary nerve compression during labor. What Is Nerve Compression After Delivery? Postpartum nerve compression occurs when a nerve is temporarily compressed, stretched, or irr

New research suggests a bacterium found in food may help trap tiny plastic particles and carry them out of the body. Plastic pollution is everywhere, from oceans and rivers to the food and water we consume. As larger pieces of plastic break down, they can become extremely tiny particles called nanoplastics. A new study has found that a food derived bacterium called Leuconostoc mesenteroides CBA3656 may have an interesting ability: it can attach to nanoplastics and help move t

BPD is a chronic Cluster B personality disorder marked by unstable moods, intense relationships, impulsivity, and a distorted self-image. Symptoms include fear of abandonment, identity disturbance, suicidal ideation, emptiness, and intense anger. Causes include childhood adversity, genetics, and brain changes. Treatment is mainly psychotherapy, with medication as an adjunct. Symptoms often improve with age and proper support.

If you have ever undergone a colonoscopy, dental procedure, or surgery, you may have been told that you would be “sedated” or “put under.” Although these phrases are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation, sedation and general anesthesia are not the same thing. Both involve medications that help patients remain comfortable during medical procedures, but they differ in how deeply they affect consciousness, breathing, responsiveness, and recovery. Understanding the

Memory and thinking can change gradually with age and cognitive impairment. Researchers are studying whether factors such as vitamin D status may influence brain health, but current evidence does not show that high-dose vitamin D can prevent or reverse cognitive decline. Introduction Vitamin D is best known for helping maintain healthy bones and muscles. In recent years, researchers have also been asking whether it may play a role in brain health, particularly as people age.

A model of the pancreas highlights the organ where pancreatic cancer develops. Researchers are now testing new immune-based approaches, including personalized cancer vaccines, to help the body recognize and target tumour cells more effectively. Introduction Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Even when a tumour can be completely removed with surgery, microscopic cancer cells may remain in the body and the disease can return. Chemotherapy after sur

If you've scrolled through social media lately, you may have noticed people wearing a small, round sensor on the back of their arm, paired with a smartphone app full of colorful glucose graphs. These devices, called continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), were originally designed for people with diabetes. Today, they are showing up on marathon runners, biohackers, and wellness enthusiasts with no diabetes diagnosis at all. This shift accelerated in 2024, when the FDA cleared the

The possession and use of drugs is illegal for all adolescents. Still, there has been an alarming increase of adolescents drug abuse. Adolescence, a time marked by emotional, physical, and social change comes with the allure of drugs that so many give in to for numerous reasons thereby exposing themselves to its danger. However, with the right approaches all hope is not lost for adolescents seeking recovery. Drug Abuse Drug abuse is the extreme use or the misuse of drugs fo

Tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease worldwide, but it is preventable and curable with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Mycobacterium tuberculosis most commonly affects the lungs and spreads through the air. Clinical suspicion should be supported by microbiological and molecular testing, with rapid molecular diagnostics playing an increasingly important role in early detection and identification of drug resistance.

Source: https://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/interstitial-lung-disease/ If you've been diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD) or your healthcare provider suspects you may have it, you may wonder what it means and how it can affect your breathing. ILD refers to a group of conditions that cause inflammation or scarring of the lung tissue. What Is Interstitial Lung Disease? Interstitial lung disease is a group of more than 200 conditions that affect the interstitium, th

What is Lipedema? Lipedema is an underdiagnosed, chronic condition of symmetrical overgrowth of fat, also known as adipose tissue, that is extremely difficult to control and primarily shows up on the legs. Lipedema adipose tissue exhibits various distinct characteristics in comparison to traditional adipose tissue (2). In advanced stages, lipedema can also affect the arms. The characteristic “cuff phenomenon” occurs at the wrists and ankles as the hands and feet are spa

Scientists are finding ways to grow small, three-dimensional structures that resemble certain features of the developing human brain. These structures are called brain organoids. Growing Human Brain Tissue in the Lab Rather than being taken directly from a developing brain, organoids can be created from adult skin cells. Scientists first reprogram these cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can then be guided to develop into neural tissue. The result is a s

Introduction Mites are tiny, tick-like arthropods that usually cannot be seen by the human eye. These tiny arthropods generally do not affect people, but there are a few that can cause irritation in humans. House dust mites, for example, are a common allergen in indoor settings. Chiggers and itch mites that are found in grass, leaves, and hay can cause skin rashes if you come in contact with them. Chicken, rodent, and bird mites are found on different animals, causing condit