Introdution Abemaciclib (brand name: Verzenio), developed by Eli Lilly, is an innovative anti-cancer drug. It is a targeted therapy that intervenes precisely in the cancer cell growth cycle, rather than functioning as a traditional chemotherapy agent. This drug has already established a "star" status in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and is actively being explored for other malignancies like endometrial cancer (EC). How Abemaciclib Works: Hitting the

If you think this sounds ridiculous, you would be correct! Radiculopathy, also commonly referred to as a pinched nerve, refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves do not work properly. The result is pain, numbness and muscle weakness. There are three main types of radiculopathy and they depend on where in your back the pinched nerve is. Cervical (neck), Thoracic (upper middle back), and Lumbar (lower back) But for this article, I will be focusing on a fourth, l

Introdution For decades, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a relentless neurodegenerative challenge. We've long understood its twin pathological hallmarks: the extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and the intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles that disrupt and destroy neural pathways. Now, a new class of therapies, monoclonal antibodies, is offering the first real promise of slowing the disease, and donanemab is one of its most significant new players. This article, based on

What is the Scientific Method? You may not remember the science classes you took in school, but those classes probably introduced you to the scientific method. If you entered a science fair, you almost certainly used the scientific method to formulate a question and hypothesis, design experiments to test the hypothesis, and reach conclusions about your question. In those early learning contexts, the scientific method is straightforward and easy to follow. In more advanced s

Let's start by being truthful - most people only start caring about their gut when: a) their stomach feels like a balloon b) every meal becomes a gamble c) they're googling symptoms at 1am wondering if they need surgery. If that sounds familiar, relax Half the time, it isn't something serious. It is just your gut way of communicating with you. I say this eith experience, I've been there The turning point for me was realising that I need to feed my gut bacteria what they need

Introdution In the past few years, few drugs have generated as much excitement in the world of medicine as tirzepatide, a once-weekly injectable therapy developed by Eli Lilly. Known by its brand names Mounjaro (for diabetes) and Zepbound (for obesity), tirzepatide is being recognized not only as a treatment for blood sugar control and weight loss, but also as a potential revolution in how we manage a wide range of metabolic diseases. This medicine represents a new generation

Introduction In recent years, drugs like tirzepatide and semaglutide, originally developed for diabetes, have captured global attention for their remarkable weight-loss effects. But scientists are now discovering that the benefits of these medicines extend far beyond the bathroom scale. New studies are revealing powerful effects on the heart, liver, and overall metabolism, suggesting that GLP-1 receptor agonists could reshape the way we treat some of the most common chronic d

Image of different textures based on the IDDSI standard via Blossom Foods Introduction My name is Sanjana, and I am currently a dietary aide at a local nursing home in my community. Before starting this job, I had no idea how drastically your diet can change as you get older. This experience has taught me about the different diets that residents require, and what I can do to ensure that every resident receives a meal that they can safely consume and enjoy. In this article,

Male Anatomy of Pelvis with Prostate Tumor By Sherry Ainsworth, MSN, RN, ARNP   Just What Is the Prostate Gland?   It is an organ in the male body about the size of a walnut, or later in life, of a ping-pong ball or even a tennis ball. It is tightly wedged in between the bladder and the penis. It is difficult to palpate. Even with a digital rectal exam, only a small part of the prostate can be felt.   Most of us know the prostate only for the problems it causes, and not for i

Of the many organs and glands within the human body, certain systems are regarded as common knowledge: the beating heart that circulates blood throughout the body, the ballooning lungs that oxygenate the blood, or the twin kidneys that filter out toxins. The endocrine system  and thyroid , on the other hand, often eludes that same common understanding, resulting in an underrepresentation, underdiagnosis, or unawareness of thyroid diseases and disorders. [1][2][3][4][5] This c

Most people think of broken bones as temporary injuries, painful, but fixable. But imagine a condition where your body creates extra bones  on its own, turning soft tissue like muscles, tendons, and ligaments into solid bone. That’s the terrifying reality of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), a rare, inherited disorder that slowly traps people inside a “second skeleton.” It’s one of the rarest diseases known to science, affecting only about 1 in 2 million people wo

Most people think of heartbreak as an emotional ache — something that hurts but eventually fades away. Yet for some, intense stress or grief can literally break the heart. Known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, or "broken heart syndrome," this rare condition causes the heart muscle to suddenly weaken after a shock, like losing a loved one or experiencing extreme fear. Though it often looks like a heart attack, the cause isn't a blocked artery but the body's own stress respo

a photo of colorful autumn leaves falling from a tree; photo courtesy of Unsplash The article The Choreography of Balance, part 1 explored the complex mechanisms which the body uses to maintain physical balance. This article, The Choreography of Balance, part 2 , will examine the incidence of falls in the U.S., risk factors for falls, ways to address risk factors and also explore fall prevention for everyone, regardless of age. Incidence of falls in the U.S. According to the

A Vulnerable Airway Lining: Where Asthma Begins Asthma begins in the thin lining of the airways, which normally acts like a protective shield against allergens, pollution, smoke, and other irritants. In people with asthma, this protective layer becomes weakened and “leaky.” The tiny connections between airway cells loosen, allowing irritants to slip through more easily. When this happens, the airway lining sends out distress signals -called alarmins- that alert the immune sy

While melatonin is widely considered a benign over-the-counter sleep aid, a recent large observational study suggests that chronic use (≥12 months) may be associated with a significantly increased risk of incident heart failure, hospitalisation, and mortality in adults with insomnia. These findings—presented at the American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions 2025—raise important questions about the long-term cardiovascular safety of melatonin. Given the study’s obs

For most of the twentieth century, scientists believed that once the brain matured, its structure was set for life. Learning and memory were thought to depend only on existing neurons and fixed pathways. However, decades of research have revealed a very different picture. The adult brain is not static but capable of profound structural and functional change in response to experience, environment, and behavior. From fixed to flexible The concept of neuroplasticity, or the brai

What is a skin abscess? A skin abscess is a large, deep, pus-filled collection underneath the skin. It occurs when the body fights against infection. It is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, also known as “staph,” and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These bacteria can be carried by the host (individual) without any symptoms. However, as soon as there is a portal of entry into the skin, such as through a cut or hair follicle, an abscess may form. Risk

Image from Johns Hopkins Engineering for Professionals - Johns Hopkins University What is Biomedical Engineering? Biomedical Engineering, as stated in the name, is simply a combination of biology and engineering, which enables professionals in the field to make "technological breakthroughs in medical devices, procedures, and patient care" (Michigan Tech). Professionals in this field are known as "biomedical engineers" and work in various industries, laboratories, and hospital

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect many of the everyday tasks we don't generally give much thought to, including using the restroom, comfortably holding urine, or completely emptying the bladder. As the name suggests, LUTS include a broad variety of urination-related issues, such as difficulties initiating the stream, frequent urination, leaking urine, waking up during the night to urinate, or feeling unable to completely empty the bladder. It is estimated that more t

Strep throat vs a sore throat   When researching strep throat, the term pharyngitis comes up quite a bit and some articles even use “strep throat” and “pharyngitis” interchangeably. To start, pharyngitis is simply inflammation of the pharynx, otherwise known as a sore throat. Pharyngitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including both viral and bacterial infections. Strep throat is the result of a bacterial infection, which in turn can cause a sore throat.   Strep throa