What happens when eyes twitch? If you've ever felt an involuntary movement around your eye, you know it can be annoying and sometimes concerning. Harmless common muscle spasms of the eyelid are called myokymia, and have a variety of causes. Myokymia can be caused by tiredness, consumption of too much caffeine, and stress. Myokymia is harmless and doesn't lead to other issues, but some forms of eyelid spasm warrant a call to your doctor. If both of your eyes twitch at the sa

Post-nasal drip is a common annoyance, especially when someone has a cold or allergies. It occurs when mucus gathers at the back of the throat or drips back from the nose to the throat. It can feel like a tickle or an irritation at the back of the throat. It often happens when our bodies produce more or thicker mucus than usual. There can be many reasons for post-nasal drip. Reasons for Post-Nasal Drip Post-nasal drip can occur because of bacterial infections, the flu, chroni

A meniscus tear is among the most common knee injuries, though the term itself can sound more alarming than the injury often is. Each knee has two menisci, small C-shaped pieces of cartilage that sit between the thigh bone and shin bone. Their job is to cushion the joint, help absorb shock, and add stability when you walk, squat, pivot, or run. When one of them tears, the knee can still work, but it often becomes painful and swollen. How Does a Meniscus Tear Happen? There a

What is Hypothermia and How is it Treated? Hypothermia occurs when the body’s temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit, leading to impaired bodily functioning. This is the result of the body losing heat faster than it can be produced, typically observed when someone is in extreme cold conditions, wet for prolonged periods of time, etc. Mild hypothermia is characterized by shivering, fatigue, increased respirations, and more. Moderate hypothermia is more severe and can le

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), formally known as gluteal tendinopathy, is a common condition involving the muscles, tendons and other anatomical structures surrounding the hip. GTPS occurs in 1/300 people annually, affecting mainly middle-aged women or athletic individuals. It is characterised as pain over the greater trochanteric area, situated on the outer area of the hip, which is exacerbated by prolonged sitting, climbing stairs, high-impact activity or lying

Deep Vein Thrombosis, or DVT, occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein located deep within the body, typically in the thigh or calf. The circulatory system can be thought of as a network of internal pipes, where a DVT is essentially a blockage in one of the primary lines. While the initial symptoms may feel like a minor leg cramp or increased swelling, these clots are serious because they can break loose, travel to the lungs, and cause a life-threatening emergency. Why Do The

Introduction If you’ve ever talked with friends or family about surgery, you may have noticed something interesting. No two people seem to have the exact same experience with anesthesia. Some wake up easily with minimal side effects, while others feel groggy, nauseated, or require higher doses of medication to stay comfortable. What explains these differences? Research has shown that anesthesia response can vary widely from person to person, and genetics play a major role in

Introduction Stress is often thought of as something that happens "in your head"; worry that keeps you up throughout the night, feeling emotionally overwhelmed after a long workday, or a racing mind before a big presentation. But stress rarely stays confined to thoughts alone. Fatigue, muscle tension, stomach discomfort, and even changes in movement or coordination lag close behind. This is not a coincidence. These physical symptoms reflect the brain’s constant communication

Introduction Throughout the day, you encounter minor and major inconveniences. There’s no gas in the car, kids are crying and screaming, or you wake up late because you forgot to set your alarm. These occurrences can build up and contribute to a worldwide phenomenon known as stress. While stress is something everyone experiences, it does not affect everyone in the same way. Cultural background, lived experiences, and social conditions all influence how stress shows up in the

Modern Medicine and Solid Organ Transplant For people with failing organs such as hearts, kidneys, livers, or lungs, solid organ transplantation can represent the difference between life and death. What was once seen as experimental medicine is now one of the most powerful tools in modern healthcare. According to a major scientific journal review, an astounding 41,354 solid organ transplants were performed in the United States alone in 2021, showing how widely this life-savi

By: Nesredin Hassen Yesuf LinkedIn | Email Introduction Acromegaly is a rare, chronic endocrine disorder caused by sustained overproduction of growth hormone (GH), typically due to a benign pituitary adenoma. The excess GH stimulates hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), resulting in widespread tissue overgrowth and systemic complications [1]. Although distinct facial and skeletal changes eventually develop, the onset is gradual, and diagnosis often lags

By Abby Newberry Parathyroid glands, shown in red in this image, are located along the back of the Thyroid gland You have likely heard of the Thyroid gland, which is usually situated in the lower front of the neck and regulates the body’s metabolic functions. However, you may not have heard of the Parathyroid gland , a close neighbor of the thyroid but with a completely different function. These two glands are commonly confused because of their similar-sounding names. Al

INTRODUCTION Well, gout is not really the disease of kings, at least not anymore. These days people of all classes are susceptible to the ravages of this painful malady. The purpose of this article is to review the disease from its history, its cause, symptoms and treatment. The word gout comes from the Latin Term gutta which means ‘drop’ as it was thought that diseased material was deposited or ‘dropped’ in the joints. It was likely the best observation that could be made

By Jennifer Navarro MSN, RN, NPD-BC Hypertension High blood pressure, also called hypertension (HTN), is a very common health issue in the United States, affecting both men and women about equally. The reasons people develop high blood pressure are complicated, and it can happen to anyone, but it tends to be more severe and starts at a younger age in African American communities, often leading to more health problems. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventio

Pelvic floor disorders affect millions of women, yet they remain some of the most under-discussed conditions in healthcare. Issues such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and chronic pelvic pain are often dismissed as a “normal” part of aging, childbirth, or womanhood itself. In reality, these conditions are common, treatable, and deeply connected to quality of life. Urogynecology, a subspecialty that focuses on pelvic floor health, sits at the intersection of wo

By Anne Denk, RN, BSN Migraines affect 37 million Americans, including men, women, and children. Migraines occur due to a variety of factors. While there are multiple pharmacological treatment options, studies have shown that several alternative treatments are beneficial. Massage therapy is one of these alternative treatment options that can reduce the symptoms of migraines. Origins and Impacts of Migraines Migraine headaches occur for many reasons. Contributing factors inclu

Since we were children, we were taught at school that taste is one of our most important sense. Indeed, since we are born, this represents a way to be exposed to the world and learn to discriminate several tastes, which helps us to recognize also specific types of food or feelings when eating them. Of course, human nature evolved progressively to develop sensitive taste skills, at the beginning as a matter of survival. Although now our needs are different, these important gen

For most of us, antibiotics are a quick fix: a small pill that can chase away an infection in a matter of days. But not all antibiotics are created equal. Certain commonly prescribed drugs -- especially a group known as fluoroquinolones -- carry a lesser-known risk: they can damage tendons. From the Achilles to the shoulder, these injuries can appear during treatment or even weeks later, sometimes with sudden, intense pain or long-lasting weakness. Doctors have documented cas

Pain in the ball of the foot can significantly impair walking and quality of life. One potential cause of this symptom is plantar plate injury, a condition that affects a key stabilizing structure of the forefoot. The plantar plate plays an essential role in maintaining toe alignment during gait, and damage to this structure can result in pain, instability, and progressive toe deformity. Management ranges from conservative care to surgical intervention, depending on injury se

Introduction For decades, the field of hepatology faced a glaring therapeutic void. Metabolically-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly and still widely known as Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), affects millions globally, driving a rising tide of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its prevalence, affecting an estimated 5.3% of the global adult population, it has earned a reputation as a "graveyard" for pharmaceutical develop