Introdution In the past few years, few drugs have generated as much excitement in the world of medicine as tirzepatide, a once-weekly injectable therapy developed by Eli Lilly. Known by its brand names Mounjaro (for diabetes) and Zepbound (for obesity), tirzepatide is being recognized not only as a treatment for blood sugar control and weight loss, but also as a potential revolution in how we manage a wide range of metabolic diseases. This medicine represents a new generation

Introduction In recent years, drugs like tirzepatide and semaglutide, originally developed for diabetes, have captured global attention for their remarkable weight-loss effects. But scientists are now discovering that the benefits of these medicines extend far beyond the bathroom scale. New studies are revealing powerful effects on the heart, liver, and overall metabolism, suggesting that GLP-1 receptor agonists could reshape the way we treat some of the most common chronic d

Of the many organs and glands within the human body, certain systems are regarded as common knowledge: the beating heart that circulates blood throughout the body, the ballooning lungs that oxygenate the blood, or the twin kidneys that filter out toxins. The endocrine system  and thyroid , on the other hand, often eludes that same common understanding, resulting in an underrepresentation, underdiagnosis, or unawareness of thyroid diseases and disorders. [1][2][3][4][5] This c

Executive summary Topical finasteride is widely prescribed as a safer alternative to oral finasteride for hair regrowth. However, there is no single guideline for its dosage for desired outcomes. This report provides an overview of how to find the perfect dose of topical finasteride in treating androgenetic alopecia.  Introduction  If you are struggling with androgenic alopecia (AGA) or patterned balding, you are certainly not alone. Around 20 to 30 million people report horm

Stoppage Rate of Semaglutide Use According to data reported by Reimar Thomsen, MD, PhD, of Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, about 52% (40,262 of 77310) adults without diabetes who took semaglutide for weight loss ceased to take the medication after 12 months, while about 18% of the adults stopping to take Wegovy injection within 3 months, 31% within 6 months, and 42% within 9 months. Thomsen noted at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) annual meeti

Heather Armstrong DNP, AGACNP-BC Recently, perimenopause has taken center stage, and people are talking about it more than ever. You may have seen posts on social media feeds, heard podcast episodes focused on this topic, and browsed books explaining this phenomenon on the shelves of your local bookstore.  With so much available information, where do you begin?  What Exactly Is Perimenopause Anyway?  On average, menopause occurs at age 52. It’s the end of the female menstrual

If you’re going through perimenopause or menopause, chances are you’ve heard of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). You might even be wondering: Is it safe? Will it help me sleep again? What about weight gain or cancer risk?  The truth is, there’s a lot of confusion about HRT. Let’s break down the basics so you can feel more confident talking with your doctor about whether it’s right for you. What is HRT?  Hormone replacement therapy does just what it sounds like—it replaces t

So, you find out you have diabetes! You get prescribed all the right medications, speak to a dietician, throw away all the sugary foods in your house, buy healthy groceries and maybe even get a gym membership. You are determined to do everything right and get your A1C below 7. But, did you know that lowering your blood sugar too quickly can lead to debilitating nerve pain and autonomic dysfunction? Treatment induced Neuropathy of diabetes - Autonomic Neuroscience Basic and Cl

When it comes to getting in shape, losing weight, building muscle, and staying in shape, “track your macros” is so 2022. Could there be another way, a better way toward optimal health in 2025? In this article we’ll discuss why it may be time to start trending a new health and wellness phrase: “Step up your peptides.” Peptides? Perhaps you have never heard of peptides. What are  they, and what do they have to do with health and getting into shape? When it comes to our bodies,

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a well-known, life-threatening emergency complication most commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, though it may also occur in type 2 diabetes. This dangerous condition is characterized by marked hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and elevated plasma ketones. Treatment involves intravenous fluids, insulin therapy, and careful electrolyte replacement.   Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors  and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) rec

Photo Credit: Canva Kellie, a 57-year-old, was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes 5 years ago. Her life was changed upon diagnosis. She has to worry about medications, meals, etc. It was a big lifestyle change for her. Her main worry is heart disease risk and hypoglycemia risk. Maggie, a 26-year-old, was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes at the age of 13. She worries about the rising cost of healthcare and medications in the US and the inaccessibility to the people who need them. Th

Abstract Current insights and trends in early-onset Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes (T2D), once considered a disease of older adults, is increasingly diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. This trend poses significant clinical and public health challenges, including early onset complications, psychosocial impacts, and health system strain. This article explores the drivers behind the rise of early-onset T2D, current management challenges, and the need for innovative preve

What is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 Diabetes is a type of autoimmune disease that is chronic (life-long) and prevents insulin production in the pancreas. Type 1 Diabetes was previously referred to as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes.  Insulin is a critical hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels. Under normal conditions, the body digests the ingested carbohydrates into simple sugars, primarily glucose, which is the body’s most important

OVERVIEW     When we think of hair loss, we naturally associate it with men.  However, hair loss affects up to one-third of women as well.   More so than men, women are more likely to experience thinning rather than hair loss.  There are many underlying causes of hair loss and thinning, so let’s discuss them. TYPES OF HAIR LOSS First, let us address the different kinds of hair loss.  Some types of hair loss or thinning are permanent, and some are temporary. Androgenic alopeci

Image by Freepik What is infertility? Infertility is defined as the inability to get pregnant after one year of trying. It is a complex...

What is Cortisol? Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced by the body’s adrenal glands sitting atop of the kidneys,...

What exactly is Cortisol? Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced by the body’s adrenal glands that are located on top...

Introduction In January 1922, a 13-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson received the world’s first insulin injection.  After a month spent...

Heather Armstrong DNP, AGACNP-BC Understanding GLP-1: What It Is and How It Works Glucagon-like peptide-1 or GLP-1, is a hormone...

Hyperinsulinemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of insulin in the blood. High levels of insulin in the blood are often a...