Introduction Obesity is a complex medical condition that is closely linked with serious health complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension among others. Medications aimed at weight reduction have been attempted since the early 20th century, although most are limited by significant adverse effects. Since the early 2020s, a new class of drugs known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) has demonstrated safe and effec

Tegoprubart and Islet Cell Transplantation The recent clinical progress of tegoprubart, a targeted monoclonal antibody developed by Eledon Pharmaceuticals, represents a significant paradigm shift in this field. By selectively blocking the CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway, tegoprubart provides a mechanism to protect transplanted islet cells without the nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity associated with traditional calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus. For individuals with type

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal cancer that stands as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in medicine, its five-year survival rate remains approximately 10%, largely due to diagnoses at late-stages and the lack of effective screening strategies (1). Even when detected, pancreatic cancer is difficult to treat. As result, researchers are working hard to develop more effective treatments that can improve patient outcomes. Current Treatment

What is Type 2 Diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is a known chronic disease. Characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity. This leads to high levels of sugar in the human body resulting in weight loss, excessive urination, and increased risks of infection (1). While it can occur at any age, It is a common disease that diagnoses adults somewhere between the middle ages of 45 to 65. What are the causes of Type 2 Diabetes? Type 2 diabetes doesn’t always start with high sugar levels, bu

Figure 1: Diabetes Managment Introduction: The Growing Crisis Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases on the planet. Diabetes mellitus has reached the level of a global health emergency. As of 2024–2025, approximately 589 million adults worldwide are living with the condition, and this number continues to rise. For decades, managing diabetes has meant a demanding daily routine pricking fingers to check blood sugar, calculating insulin doses, counting carbohydrates

Pawan Krishna Murti Do you struggle with high blood sugar and diabetes, and are you seeking natural ways to manage it? In a world where more than 462 million people are living with type 2 diabetes ( T2D), the number is expected to rise to 643 million by 2030 ( 1,2). The need for simple, effective prevention strategies has never been greater. One of the earliest warning signs is insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, leading

Finger-prick blood glucose testing using a glucometer provides a real-time “snapshot” of blood sugar levels, helping individuals with diabetes monitor and adjust their management in response to immediate changes (Diabetes Ireland). Introduction Diabetes mellitus is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Accurate assessment of glycaemic status is central to preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Mo

Photo Credit : Wix Diabetes is the ranked the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the latest Center for Disease Control (CDC) report, 40.1 million people in the United States had diabetes in 2023, with a 90%-95% having Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). What is T2DM? T2DM is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistan

A series of articles exploring the botanical origins of the medicines we use every day by B. Kristine Burneko, MSN, APRN, PMHNP-BC, APHN-BC

Acc. to WHO, global burden of diabetes grown from 200 million in 1990 to 830 million in 2022, with a sharper rise seen in low- and middle- income countries compared to high- income countries. Most people with diabetes are aware that the disease can harm the eyes, nerves, heart, and other important body systems. What many don't realize is that diabetes can also cause problems in the mouth. Diabetes- Oral Health Connection : A two-way relationship What your mouth reveals about

Image Credit: Freepik In the recent decade the onset of puberty in girls is occurring at an earlier age. The timing of of puberty is dependent on genetic and epigenetic factors. The early onset of puberty in girls has raised concerns about what the causes might be and what are the potential risks associated with it. Hormones and Puberty The trigger for the onset of puberty lies in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a gland that releases hormone

By: Nesredin Hassen Yesuf LinkedIn | Email Introduction Acromegaly is a rare, chronic endocrine disorder caused by sustained overproduction of growth hormone (GH), typically due to a benign pituitary adenoma. The excess GH stimulates hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), resulting in widespread tissue overgrowth and systemic complications [1]. Although distinct facial and skeletal changes eventually develop, the onset is gradual, and diagnosis often lags

HbA1c measures the percentage of sugar coated on hemoglobin, acting as a "metabolic memory" of your blood sugar over the last 2–3 months. Unlike daily finger-pricks, it provides a long-term view of your health. Understanding this number is vital for diagnosing diabetes and preventing complications like heart or kidney disease. It is the gold standard for tracking treatment success and maintaining long-term wellness.

Understanding the Link Between Sleep and Hormones Sleep is a biological process that involves an active state of unconsciousness of the body where the brain is relatively in a state of rest and reacts primarily to internal stimuli 1 Sleep is important to a number of brain functions, which also includes how nerve cells communicate with each other. Your brain and body usually stay active while you sleep. Recent findings suggest that sleep plays a housekeeping role that removes

What is Prediabetes? Prediabetes is when you at a high risk of type 2 diabetes, where your blood sugars are high, but not high enough to have diabetes. It is a serious warning sign that the body is beginning to have difficulty regulating blood sugar effectively. Prediabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin, the hormone responsible for moving glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy. When insulin is compromised, sugar builds up in the blood, increa

Diabetic Ketoacidosis is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. DKA develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood sugar to enter your cells for use as energy. It is most common among people with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Ketoacidosis - NurseCE4Less What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis? Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious, sometimes life-threatening complication of Type 1 or 2 diabetes. When your body doesn't produce enough insulin

By Kristine Burneko, MSN, APRN, PMHNP-BC, APHN-BC Introduction Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines the tridirectional interaction of psychological processes, neurological activity, and immune function. Within clinical practice, PNI provides the mechanistic foundation for mind–body medicine, an evidence-based approach that complements conventional biomedical care by enhancing psychophysiological regulation and response to concurrent treatmen

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the islet cells (insulin producing cells) of the pancreas. This results in the body producing very little to no insulin, the horomone necessary for cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy. Without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood, which, if not properly regulated, can lead to serious health problems and life-threatening complications. However, r

Image Credit:Freepik What is Perimenopause? Perimenopause also referred to as menopausal transition is a phase in a woman's life marked by changes in the functioning of the ovaries. During this transition, your ovaries produce less hormones. As a result, your menstrual cycle becomes irregular and unpredictable. Perimenopause is a normal progression towards end of reproductive years for a woman. What hormonal changes occur during perimenopause? During your menstrual cycle, a

Fig 1: Diabetes Awareness Month promotional graphic highlighting the importance of education and early detection. From “November Is Diabetes Awareness Month,” by NEW Health Introduction Growth hormone (GH) is essential for growth and metabolic balance. When GH levels become excessive, either from internal overproduction or external administration, it can disrupt normal glucose regulation. This condition, often referred to as GH induced diabetes, occurs because GH significantl