Our immune system wields immense power, but things don’t always go to plan. Sometimes it tries to help and succeeds. Other times, it fails and makes things worse. Gamma delta T-Cells are extremely effective at detecting and killing cancer cells. But certain subsets release IL-17, and depending on the type of cancer, that can make things worse.

CAR-T Therapy as a Foundational Treatment for Cancer Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has become a cornerstone in the treatment of malignancies, as it offers a specialized and targeted approach to killing cancerous cells. Despite its evidenced success, the use of CAR-T cell therapy as a standalone treatments comes with many challenges and drawbacks. For example, patients can experience resistance to treatments or disease relapse. Furthermore, minimal residual disease

Introduciton Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the subtype of breast cancer with the least favorable outcomes, largely due to its aggressive molecular features and a historic lack of effective targeted treatment options. However, the landscape of oncology is shifting with the rise of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Based on the concept of the "magic bullet" first proposed by Paul Ehrlich, ADCs are designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic chemotherapy directly

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. According to the WHO report of 2022, there were 0.67 million deaths and 2.3 million cases of breast cancer worldwide. These alarming figures call for a concerted effort by various stakeholders and organizations to address this issue. Early screening through mammography is the fundamental and recommended approach for identifying women at risk of developing breast cancer [1]. High breast density, also known

Introduction Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat forms of cancer, characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. For decades, patients who progressed after initial platinum-based chemotherapy faced poor prognoses and limited treatment options, often relying on older chemotherapy agents with modest efficacy and high toxicity. This landscape shifted significantly on November 19, 2025, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Introduction Imagine a cancer treatment designed entirely for you, built using the exact mutations inside your tumor, and created with the goal of training your immune system to eliminate every trace of cancer cells that remain after surgery or therapy. This idea once sounded like science fiction. Today, it’s becoming reality.Ultra-personalized cancer vaccines are emerging as one of the most exciting developments in precision medicine, offering a new way to harness our immune

Introduction DICER1 is a gene that plays a crucial role in microRNA (miRNA) processing and, by extension, the regulation of gene expression. Germline mutations in DICER1 cause DICER1 syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome primarily affecting children and young adults. Recognizing the clinical spectrum of DICER1-related disorders is essential for early detection, surveillance, and genetic counseling. What is the DICER1 Gene? The DICER1  g

By: Jessica Chhoy Oral cancer in inner linings of cheeks What is oral cancer? Oral cancer is also known as mouth cancer, which it can develop in many areas of the mouth. Some areas include the lips, gums, tongue, and inner linings of the cheeks. Causes The cause of oral cancer is complex. The cells in our mouth care called squamous cells which they line our mouth and throat. When squamous cells undergo DNA mutations the cells begin to grow and multiply rapidly within the mout

Introdution Abemaciclib (brand name: Verzenio), developed by Eli Lilly, is an innovative anti-cancer drug. It is a targeted therapy that intervenes precisely in the cancer cell growth cycle, rather than functioning as a traditional chemotherapy agent. This drug has already established a "star" status in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and is actively being explored for other malignancies like endometrial cancer (EC). How Abemaciclib Works: Hitting the

Male Anatomy of Pelvis with Prostate Tumor By Sherry Ainsworth, MSN, RN, ARNP   Just What Is the Prostate Gland?   It is an organ in the male body about the size of a walnut, or later in life, of a ping-pong ball or even a tennis ball. It is tightly wedged in between the bladder and the penis. It is difficult to palpate. Even with a digital rectal exam, only a small part of the prostate can be felt.   Most of us know the prostate only for the problems it causes, and not for i

Chemical structure of niraparib. In October 2025, a phase 3 clinical trial from University College London revealed their developments in the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, in which a drug called niraparib was added to a drug regime using abiraterone and prednisone. Phase 3 clinical trials are larger scale studies that test whether a new drug treatment is effective, safe and better than the drugs currently available on the market. These consist o

By: Brittany M Oral cancer affects the tissues of your mouth and throat. Because early signs are often subtle or painless, it can go unnoticed until it reaches an advanced stage. But with early detection and healthy habits, the outcomes can dramatically improve. What Is Oral Cancer? Oral cancer refers to abnormal cell growth in areas of the mouth and throat. It is generally divided into two main categories: Oral cavity cancer  – This affects the lips, gums, teeth, cheeks, the

An   initial   diagnosis   of   cancer   is   likely   very  overwhelming for the patient, but  knowing the stage of the cancer can  tell one critical part of the story: is it a tiny spark on the countertop or has the house started to burn down?   Effective   categorization   of  the stage  of cancer is important for oncologists in assessing   the   seriousness   of   the   disease , and in   determining   the   appropriate   treatments . Types of Staging Systems There are pr

What is Intermittent Fasting? Is it true that intermittent fasting can cause the growth of cancer? Well to start off, what even is intermittent fasting? Intermittent fasting focuses not on what you eat, but when you eat. With intermittent fasting, you only eat during a scheduled period of your day, whether it be for 1 hour of the day, or a larger chunk such as four. Intermittent fasting is often used for weight loss and works by protracting the period when your body has burne

Introduction CAR-T cell therapy stands as one of the most groundbreaking innovations in cancer treatment in recent years. By “reprogramming” a patient's own immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells, this personalized therapy offers the prospect of cure for various hematologic malignancies—including lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Yet behind the miracle of CAR-T lies a significant economic burden. Due to its highly complex manufacturing and administration pr

Understanding how the Microbiome can be used in Cancer Treatment The human microbiome comprises a diverse array of microorganisms that can be found in various parts of the body. The presence of these microorganisms is extremely vital in the gut, where they synergistically interact with their host's immune system to maintain health and harmonise the defence system. By carefully interacting with the immune system, the microbiome can modify and improve the innate and adaptive im

Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of adult leukemia and one of the most aggressive blood cancers. It mainly affects older adults and is marked by the rapid buildup of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy ones. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation can help some patients, but many—especially older individuals—either cannot tolerate these treatments or eventually relapse. In recent years, scientists have

Why Early Breast Cancer Screening Matters When it comes to breast cancer, timing truly matters. Early detection has consistently been shown to save lives. A 2025 study published in Journal of the American Medical Association looked closely at how regular breast cancer screening affects women later in life, and the results were both stunning and reassuring. The researchers followed over thirteen thousand women aged seventy and older with a diagnosis of breast cancer, and found

Cancer is a broad group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It can affect any part of the body and, if not detected or treated early, can lead to serious health problems or death. This article explains what cancer is, how it develops, common risk factors, potential consequences, and strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment. What is Cancer? Cancer occurs when genetic changes cause cells to grow and divide uncontro

Introduction Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive gynecological malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although surgery combined with chemotherapy remains the primary treatment approach, many patients experience recurrence after therapy and gradually lose response to chemotherapy. This explains why ovarian cancer mortality rates remain persistently high, with current five-year survival rates still below 35%. In recent years, scientists have continuously exp