An   initial   diagnosis   of   cancer   is   likely   very  overwhelming for the patient, but  knowing the stage of the cancer can  tell one critical part of the story: is it a tiny spark on the countertop or has the house started to burn down?   Effective   categorization   of  the stage  of cancer is important for oncologists in assessing   the   seriousness   of   the   disease , and in   determining   the   appropriate   treatments . Types of Staging Systems There are pr

What is Intermittent Fasting? Is it true that intermittent fasting can cause the growth of cancer? Well to start off, what even is intermittent fasting? Intermittent fasting focuses not on what you eat, but when you eat. With intermittent fasting, you only eat during a scheduled period of your day, whether it be for 1 hour of the day, or a larger chunk such as four. Intermittent fasting is often used for weight loss and works by protracting the period when your body has burne

Introduction CAR-T cell therapy stands as one of the most groundbreaking innovations in cancer treatment in recent years. By “reprogramming” a patient's own immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells, this personalized therapy offers the prospect of cure for various hematologic malignancies—including lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Yet behind the miracle of CAR-T lies a significant economic burden. Due to its highly complex manufacturing and administration pr

Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of adult leukemia and one of the most aggressive blood cancers. It mainly affects older adults and is marked by the rapid buildup of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy ones. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation can help some patients, but many—especially older individuals—either cannot tolerate these treatments or eventually relapse. In recent years, scientists have

Why Early Breast Cancer Screening Matters When it comes to breast cancer, timing truly matters. Early detection has consistently been shown to save lives. A 2025 study published in Journal of the American Medical Association looked closely at how regular breast cancer screening affects women later in life, and the results were both stunning and reassuring. The researchers followed over thirteen thousand women aged seventy and older with a diagnosis of breast cancer, and found

Cancer is a broad group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It can affect any part of the body and, if not detected or treated early, can lead to serious health problems or death. This article explains what cancer is, how it develops, common risk factors, potential consequences, and strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment. What is Cancer? Cancer occurs when genetic changes cause cells to grow and divide uncontro

Introduction Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive gynecological malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although surgery combined with chemotherapy remains the primary treatment approach, many patients experience recurrence after therapy and gradually lose response to chemotherapy. This explains why ovarian cancer mortality rates remain persistently high, with current five-year survival rates still below 35%. In recent years, scientists have continuously exp

Introduction Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While many men are diagnosed at an early stage and can benefit from surgery, radiation, or hormone therapies, some cases eventually progress to a more aggressive form called metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This type of prostate cancer no longer responds to standard hormone treatments and can be very difficult to manage.

https://gastrofl.com/the-colonoscopy-process-and-procedure-a-detailed-overview/ Colonoscopy A colonoscopy is a procedure performed in a hospital or an ambulatory care facility. The doctor inserts a lighted scope (colonoscope) into the rectum. The colonoscope also inflates air into the colon so that the doctor can visualize the entire colon as he advances the scope. If anything such as a polyp is seen, the doctor will remove it and send it to pathology. Who Needs a Colonoscopy

Introduction Cancer is a major global public health challenge, claiming approximately 10 million lives in 2020 alone. Over the past decades, cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of cancer treatment, featuring common drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, and methotrexate. While these agents effectively kill tumor cells, their lack of specificity inevitably damages normal tissues, leading to severe side effects that limit clinical application. Balancing therapeutic ef

An   initial   diagnosis   of   cancer   is   likely   very  overwhelming for the patient, but  knowing the stage of the cancer can  tell one critical part of the story: is it a tiny spark on the countertop or has the house started to burn down?   Effective   categorization   of  the stage  of cancer is important for oncologists in assessing   the   seriousness   of   the   disease , and in   determining   the   appropriate   treatments . Types of Staging Systems There are pr

Bladder Cancer Tumor (St John's Cancer Institute, 2025) By Sherry Ainsworth, MSN, RN, ARNP You wake up one morning and hit the bathroom as usual. Only, this morning there is something different. You notice that your urine is a light shade of brown, or maybe pink. What on earth could that be? If you’ve ever had a bladder infection before, you might think this is a symptom of another one starting up. However, it could be an early warning of bladder cancer. Cancer is sometimes c

Introduction Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging as the fastest-growing class of novel drugs in oncology. While the concept itself is not new, they are gradually reshaping the landscape of cancer treatment. For lung cancer, the therapeutic landscape has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past decade—evolving from chemotherapy alone to the addition of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Now, ADCs are also becoming a significant new option for lung cancer

Pictured edited from canva Blood cancers are a group of malignancies that begin in the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system. Unlike solid tumors, these cancers disrupt the production and function of normal blood cells, weakening the body’s ability to fight infection, transport oxygen, and regulate vital immune responses.   Types of Blood Cancer The three main categories are: Leukemia : Cancer of the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnorma

Introduction What if treating cancer could be as simple as taking a pill — but not just any pill, a smart pill  that travels through your body, locates the tumor, and delivers medication exactly where it’s needed? This vision is becoming more realistic as researchers develop capsule-targeted drug delivery systems , designed to improve treatment outcomes while reducing side effects. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which circulates through the entire body and often causes unwa

Introduction Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of anticancer drugs that “bundle” targeted antibodies with potent chemotherapeutic agents, delivering them directly to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. The first HER2-targeted ADC, trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DM1), received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2013 for treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. It gained approval for adjuvant therapy in 2019,

ACP-319 Report-Drug and Patient use and information Age group Adults: aged 18 and over. ( ClinicalTrials.gov ,2022) Drug action The PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-pathway is a cellular signalling pathway, that regulates cell proliferation and growth but overstimulating growth of these cells can cause cancer/tumours, such as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL). (Uko, Guner, Matesic and Bowen, 2020). ACP-319 is a PI3K Inhibitor, meaning it inhibits the progression of thi

Introduction In the fields of medical research and drug development, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have long been regarded as the most robust method for evaluating drug efficacy and safety. However, RCTs often have limitations: they are typically conducted under strictly controlled conditions with relatively homogeneous study populations, which do not fully align with the complex and diverse patient scenarios encountered in the real world. Therefore, relying solely on R

TAR-200 is a groundbreaking, pretzel-shaped drug-device designed to transform the treatment landscape for patients with high-risk...

By Anne Denk, RN, BSN One of the most common treatments for breast cancer is surgery . The two standard forms of breast cancer surgery...