Image by Freepik Real world evidence (RWE) is transforming the current healthcare landscape. By the use of robust data analytics tools, data collected through routine clinical practice is converted into RWE. The insights and evidence generated are valuable in guiding healthcare decision making for better patient outcomes. What is Real World Data? Real World Data (RWD) is all patient data collected in everyday clinical practice through a variety of sources. The U.S. Food and D

Obesity is a public-health challenge with complex causes beyond simple caloric imbalance. Emerging evidence points towards the gut microbial ecosystem - known as the gut microbiota - as a biological factor influencing energy homeostasis, metabolism and inflammation. The interactions between diet, environment and microbiota may in part help explain why many individuals may struggle to either lose weight or maintain weight loss. Recent advances in our understanding of gut micro

Image of nuclear medicine scans via Riga Technical University . What is Nuclear Medicine? The textbook definition of nuclear medicine is: "The branch of medicine that deals with the use of radioactive substances in research, diagnosis, and treatment." Nuclear medicine is a specialized field of radiology in which small amounts of radioactive material are used to diagnose and treat many different kinds of diseases. When you are given this type of exam, you take a small amount

Introduction Hair loss is a significant concern that affects both men and women worldwide. While male and female pattern baldness, scientifically called androgenetic alopecia , is the most common cause, many other triggers exist, ranging from hormonal shifts in pregnancy to stress, illness, and environmental factors. Clinics worldwide, including major centers like MAXIM Hair Restoration , emphasize the importance of proper diagnosis, as women’s hair loss is often multifactori

By Olivia Orr, RN, BSN If you have ever dealt with migraine, then you probably understand that bright lights hurt. Light sensitivity, also called photophobia, is a common migraine symptom. Bright, fluorescent lighting, screens, and sunlight all contribute to this sensitivity. In this article, we will explore why migraine brains are sensitive to light and steps you can take to reduce the pain. The Science Behind Light Sensitivity People with migraine have an overly respon

Introduction In every clinic, behind every genetic report, there is a family seeking answers — and often, hope. Genetic counseling is not just about explaining test results or inheritance patterns; it’s about guiding families through some of the most emotionally charged moments of their lives. In a country as vast and diverse as India, where cultural traditions, consanguinity, and population density intersect, the need for structured, empathetic, and accurate genetic counseli

What is Presbyopia? Presbyopia, often called “age-related farsightedness”, is a natural part of aging that is caused by the gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on near objects, like when reading or looking at a phone. It occurs because the crystalline lens inside the eye becomes stiffer with age, and the surrounding muscles lose some elasticity. This affects nearly everyone over 40, impacting over a billion people worldwide. For decades, the main solutions have been re

In recent years, the world has watched skies turn orange from California to Canada, Australia to Greece. The smell of burning forests, once a distant problem, now drifts into cities thousands of miles from the flames. Wildfire smoke has become one of the most visible and dangerous signs of a warming planet and it’s reshaping the way we think about air, health, and preparedness. A Growing Global Threat Wildfires are not new, but their frequency, size, and intensity have increa

The psychological issues among children and adolescents are getting progressively worse.  Up to 20% of children and adolescents worldwide are struggling with mental illnesses, but most of them never get the help they need.  The disparity is exacerbated by stigma, a lack of child psychiatrists, and restricted access to care, particularly in low- and middle-income nations.    With its ability to provide early detection, digital interventions, and individualized care, artificial

Sleep is a universal human experience, yet many people underestimate its importance. Understanding the science of sleep reveals how it supports memory, mood, metabolism, and overall health. This article explores the stages of sleep, common disruptors, and practical strategies to improve nightly rest. Sleep Architecture: How the Night Unfolds Sleep stages: Sleep cycles through non-REM (N1, N2, N3) and REM stages multiple times per night. N1: Light sleep as you drift from wakef

a person dressed in red, rushing by a wall of clocks; photo courtesy of Unsplash Daylight saving time begins in March and ends in November; learn how to protect your health and well-being despite the twice-yearly time change.   What is daylight savings time? The first Sunday in November traditionally marks the end of daylight-saving time. In the United States, clocks are turned back one hour to standard time. This change results in a gain of an hour of daylight at the start o

Understanding Ingrown Toenails: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment If you’ve ever had an ingrown toenail you know firsthand that while the affected area is anatomically small, the pain feel enormous. Even the slightest touch from a shoe can make walking difficult. An ingrown toenail, also known as onychocryptosis, occurs when the side or tip of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin. This can lead to inflammation, pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. The big toe (or hal

(World Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week: September 15–21) September 15–21 is World Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week. In honor of this week, this article explains what mitochondria are, their genetics, the diseases associated with them, and why awareness is important. What Are Mitochondria? If you recall your biology classes, you may remember the phrase: “mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.” That is essentially their main function. Our bodies are made of tril

As we age, our bodies change- and so do our health needs. Many older adults live with chronic conditions like high blood pressure, arthritis, or diabetes, and these often require medication. But what happens when medications start to pile up? That's where polypharmacy comes in. Polypharmacy is just a fancy word for when someone takes multiple medications at the same time. While sometimes necessary, polypharmacy can also bring serious risks. Why Polypharmacy Matters Taking sev

If you're like myself, the disease 'Usher Syndrome' was fairly foreign until stumbling across the Every Second Counts campaign advertisement on Hulu starring American author and disability advocate Rebecca Alexander, along with Michael Mullarkey, who was recently diagnosed at the age of 1. The phrase “How would you live your life differently if you knew it was only a matter of time before you went completely deaf and blind?” in particular, is what started the creation of this

Executive summary Topical finasteride is widely prescribed as a safer alternative to oral finasteride for hair regrowth. However, there is no single guideline for its dosage for desired outcomes. This report provides an overview of how to find the perfect dose of topical finasteride in treating androgenetic alopecia.  Introduction  If you are struggling with androgenic alopecia (AGA) or patterned balding, you are certainly not alone. Around 20 to 30 million people report horm

Pulmonary Failure Pulmonary failure (respiratory failure) happens when the lungs cannot provide sufficient oxygen to the body or cannot remove carbon dioxide properly . This can lead to serious complications if let untreated including brain damage , organ failure and even death . Due to this pulmonary failure is considered a medical emergency . How does Pulmonary Failure develop ? Pulmonary failure can develop due to many different illnesses or injuries such as: Severe lun

Recent information from studies linking paracetamol/acetaminophen (Tylenol) use in pregnancy to autism disorders have popularised on the internet massively in August/September 2025, which has caused nationwide concern about mothers taking these painkillers when they are expected to have a baby. The information surrounding this comes from studies that are observational cohort studies, reporting statistical association between paracetamol exposure in pregnancy and increased ris

Paracetamol (acetaminophen), reduces fever and relieves mild to moderate pain. It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol.   Because pregnant women often face limits on what medications are considered “safe,” paracetamol is typically recommended as the first-line option when something is needed. However, over the past years, there has been increasing scientific scrutiny about whether paracetamol might carry ri

This Photo  by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA   By Jennifer Navarro MSN, RN, NPD-BC Introduction A concussion is a type of brain injury that happens when your head or body gets hit or shaken so hard that your brain moves inside your skull. This can happen if you fall, get hurt playing sports, are in a car accident, or are attacked. People sometimes call a concussion a "mild traumatic brain injury," but it can range from mild to more serious. You don't always have t