Introduction Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of anticancer drugs that “bundle” targeted antibodies with potent chemotherapeutic agents, delivering them directly to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. The first HER2-targeted ADC, trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DM1), received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2013 for treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. It gained approval for adjuvant therapy in 2019,

Overview of longevity Over the past century, human longevity has risen so sharply that it is sometimes described as an “epidemic.” While there is no universal definition, age 85 is often used as the threshold for advanced age. With improvements in public health and medical care, the number of people living past 90—and especially centenarians—has grown rapidly. U.S. Census data show that the 90+ population is the fastest-growing subgroup among those over 65. For example, fewer

Introduction Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have rapidly evolved from a theoretical concept into a validated class of targeted cancer therapies. Over the past two decades, successive generations of ADCs have introduced innovations in antibody engineering, linker chemistry, and cytotoxic payloads, leading to a growing number of regulatory approvals across both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Today, more than a dozen ADCs are commercially available, and hundreds of

The field of psychology often turns to myth, story, and metaphor to capture the intricacies of human behaviour. One of the most enduring narratives is that of Icarus, a tale from Ancient Greek mythology that continues to illuminate the boundaries of ambition, risk, and human limitation. The Case Study: Icarus The myth begins with Daedalus, a gifted inventor, and his son, Icarus. Imprisoned within the Labyrinth of Crete, Daedalus devised wings crafted from feathers and wax, a

Introduction Have you ever eaten a piece of fruit or a vegetable and felt a tingling or itchy sensation in your tongue or throat afterward, even if you have no history of allergies? After some time passed, you may have taken an allergy medication or maybe the sensation went away on its own. What you may have experienced is an oral allergy syndrome allergic reaction and it can happen to anyone, with and without known severe allergies. Oral Allergy Syndrome Oral allergy syndrom

Aging is something we all experience, but the way we age depends a lot on the choices we make every day. The good news? With a few intentional habits, it’s possible to feel strong, sharp, and vibrant at any stage of life. Healthy aging isn’t about chasing youth—it’s about creating a lifestyle that supports your body and mind so you can enjoy life to the fullest. 1. Prevention is Power The best way to age well is to stay ahead of health concerns. Regular checkups, screenings,

Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) is revolutionizing the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, promising earlier detection, better patient stratification, and accelerated drug discovery. Here is a comprehensive overview of how AI is transforming Alzheimer’s care in 2025 Early Detection of Alzheimer's Early Diagnosis and Risk Prediction in Alzheimer's AI has enabled the identification of early risk factors by analyzing large-scale patient data—including

What is Sjögren's Disease? People living with Sjögren's disease know it's not just dryness. The disease causes joint pain and swelling, life-altering fatigue, small fiber neuropathy, lymphoma, tooth loss, and an inability to cry, to name a few symptoms and sequelae. Some sufferers have little to no dryness but experience disability from other other symptoms and secondary conditions. Sjögren's can cause dysfunction of major organs and increased risk of lymphoma. Current tre

ACP-319 Report-Drug and Patient use and information Age group Adults: aged 18 and over. ( ClinicalTrials.gov ,2022) Drug action The PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-pathway is a cellular signalling pathway, that regulates cell proliferation and growth but overstimulating growth of these cells can cause cancer/tumours, such as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL). (Uko, Guner, Matesic and Bowen, 2020). ACP-319 is a PI3K Inhibitor, meaning it inhibits the progression of thi

Cavities: A cavity is a hole in the tooth that is caused by bacteria interacting with sugar. It is one of the most common dental conditions, with around 90% of all people over 20 having at least one cavity throughout their lifetime. Some of the primary causes of cavities are the result of bacteria living in the mouth. These bacteria can enter through actions of normal living, but when they are not cleaned out, they are able to grow and attack the teeth. Cavities do not go awa

Abstract Current insights and trends in early-onset Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes (T2D), once considered a disease of older adults, is increasingly diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. This trend poses significant clinical and public health challenges, including early onset complications, psychosocial impacts, and health system strain. This article explores the drivers behind the rise of early-onset T2D, current management challenges, and the need for innovative preve

Understanding Peanut Allergy and the Role of Palforzia   Peanut allergy affects 1-2% of people in the United States, making it one of the most common food allergies (1). This happens when the immune system mistakes proteins in peanuts for harmful substances. When this occurs, the body releases chemicals that trigger allergic reactions, which can range from mild symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis (2).   Peanuts are legumes, not tree nuts, and are related to soybeans, pea

Legionella infections often fly under the radar, but outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease can be deadly. Legionella infections, including Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, are rising in 2025. Learn how these bacteria spread, symptoms to watch for, prevention strategies, and treatment options. What Is Legionella? How It Spreads and Where It Thrives Legionella is a genus of bacteria naturally found in freshwater environments, including lakes and streams. Infection typicall

Every 40 seconds, someone in the United States has a heart attack or stroke. Yet the most remarkable fact about heart disease is this: more than 80% of premature heart disease and strokes are preventable. Despite this, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming more lives each year than all cancers combined. Why is there such a gap between what we know and what we do? The answer lies in how our healthcare system, and often individuals themse

This Photo  by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY By Jennifer Navarro MSN, RN, NPD-BC What is pain? Pain is described as an uncomfortable feeling—both physical and emotional—that can happen when your body is hurt or healing, or even when there’s a risk of injury. It’s a personal experience, and only you know how it feels to you. According to the American Pain Society pain is defined as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tis

Mary Johnson, MBA, BSN, CMSRN Be Prepared: Why Every Home Needs Basic First Aid Supplies You have just moved into your first apartment or are living away from home for the first time. One morning, you wake up feeling achy, shivery, and congested, with a sore throat that just will not quit. Do you have acetaminophen or ibuprofen on hand? Do you even own a thermometer to check if you are running a fever? Or perhaps you are babysitting your niece or nephew, and they suddenly say

Jill is a 65-year-old woman with knee arthritis who followed a popular fitness app's program, resulting in severe knee pain and weeks of recovery. She didn't have the money to pay for a personal trainer so she tried an app a friend had recommended to her. She has had a total knee replacement on her left knee and severe arthritis in her right knee which will need a replacement in the near future. She has a fused left ankle, obesity, hypertension and is able to walk for short d

Chemical structure of atorvastatin, showing functional groups such as -OH and -COOH and fluorophenyl groups. Image courtesy of DrugBank [1]. Pharmacies are equipped for prescribing hundreds of types of drugs to the public, but their most frequently prescribed drug in countries like England and the USA, is none other than atorvastatin. Atorvastatin belongs to the statin class of drugs, which essentially helps lower cholesterol that is made inside your body. Cholesterol is made

Both have benefits and drawbacks... it's up to personal preference. With more and more people looking for therapy, a critical choice is deciding between online and in-person therapy. Both are viable options — it is up to personal preference to decide which is the best fit for you. This article will cover the benefits and drawbacks of each method, starting with online therapy. Online Therapy: Benefits Accessibility and convenience: take sessions from anywhere, anytime with fle

By Sarah Bersey BSc (hons) Pg Dip. Osteoarthritis  normally affects older people. In the UK, it is the fastest growing cause of disability. Obesity is a major risk factor, although osteoarthritis may run in families or can develop as a result of injury. (BDA 2025).  The effects experienced by sufferers can be seen below: https://images.everydayhealth.com/images/seo-graphic-content-initiative/eh-how-osteoarthritis-affects-the-body-seo-graphics.png?w=1110   It’s a  disease  wh