Paracetamol (acetaminophen), reduces fever and relieves mild to moderate pain. It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol.   Because pregnant women often face limits on what medications are considered “safe,” paracetamol is typically recommended as the first-line option when something is needed. However, over the past years, there has been increasing scientific scrutiny about whether paracetamol might carry ri

This Photo  by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA   By Jennifer Navarro MSN, RN, NPD-BC Introduction A concussion is a type of brain injury that happens when your head or body gets hit or shaken so hard that your brain moves inside your skull. This can happen if you fall, get hurt playing sports, are in a car accident, or are attacked. People sometimes call a concussion a "mild traumatic brain injury," but it can range from mild to more serious. You don't always have t

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often recognized for its social communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests (Peterson et al., 2019). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), on the other hand, develops after someone experiences trauma and can cause intrusive memories, hyperarousal, and avoidance behaviors (Haruvi-Lamdan et al., 2018). While these conditions are usually considered separately, research increasingly shows that they can overlap. Peopl

By: Nesredin Hassen Yesuf LinkedIn  | Email Introduction Yawning is a universal, involuntary reflex characterized by a widely gaped mouth and deep inhalation. Although commonly associated with fatigue or boredom, yawning remains poorly understood. Contemporary research explores its roles in brain cooling, arousal, and social communication, highlighting yawning’s multifaceted nature. Physiological Mechanisms and Functions Historically, yawning was thought to help increase bloo

An   initial   diagnosis   of   cancer   is   likely   very  overwhelming for the patient, but  knowing the stage of the cancer can  tell one critical part of the story: is it a tiny spark on the countertop or has the house started to burn down?   Effective   categorization   of  the stage  of cancer is important for oncologists in assessing   the   seriousness   of   the   disease , and in   determining   the   appropriate   treatments . Types of Staging Systems There are pr

Vaccines are one of the most powerful assets in medicine, as they prevent countless infections and save many lives each year. Their success comes from their ability to train the immune system by teaching it how to recognize and respond to disease-causing pathogens without causing illness. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and Cleveland Clinic, vaccines expose the body to a harmless version or component of a pat

The Problem: A Heart That Can't Heal Itself Heart disease remains one of the world’s top killers, largely because the human heart has almost no natural ability to repair itself. When heart tissue is damaged, like after a heart attack, the lost cardiomyocytes (the muscle cells that make the heart beat) do not grow back. As a result, many patients face long-term heart failure, and even transplants are limited by donor shortages and rejection risks. Stem Cells Enter The Picture

Introduction In recent years, a new class of cancer treatments called T-cell engagers (TCEs) has begun to change how doctors think about fighting cancer. These therapies work by bringing the body’s own immune system directly into battle against cancer cells, a powerful idea that’s now turning into reality. T-cell engagers are a type of “bispecific antibody”, meaning they can attach to two different targets at once: one part of the drug binds to a cancer cell, and the other pa

Stoppage Rate of Semaglutide Use According to data reported by Reimar Thomsen, MD, PhD, of Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, about 52% (40,262 of 77310) adults without diabetes who took semaglutide for weight loss ceased to take the medication after 12 months, while about 18% of the adults stopping to take Wegovy injection within 3 months, 31% within 6 months, and 42% within 9 months. Thomsen noted at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) annual meeti

What is Intermittent Fasting? Is it true that intermittent fasting can cause the growth of cancer? Well to start off, what even is intermittent fasting? Intermittent fasting focuses not on what you eat, but when you eat. With intermittent fasting, you only eat during a scheduled period of your day, whether it be for 1 hour of the day, or a larger chunk such as four. Intermittent fasting is often used for weight loss and works by protracting the period when your body has burne

Introduction CAR-T cell therapy stands as one of the most groundbreaking innovations in cancer treatment in recent years. By “reprogramming” a patient's own immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells, this personalized therapy offers the prospect of cure for various hematologic malignancies—including lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Yet behind the miracle of CAR-T lies a significant economic burden. Due to its highly complex manufacturing and administration pr

By Vanessa Muller, PharmD As a pharmacist in Washington State, I see every day how access to vaccines protects our communities. The ability for patients to walk into a pharmacy and receive recommended vaccines without delay isn’t a coincidence, it reflects deliberate state policies designed to make prevention straightforward and equitable. In September 2025, Washington joined California, Oregon, and later Hawaii to form the West Coast Health Alliance (WCHA) a regional partner

Epidemiology of sleep Sleep is a periodic, reversible state of rest that is not easily interrupted by the outside world and is widespread in all multicellular animals, suggesting that it serves an important biological function. If sleep were not beneficial, natural selection would have eliminated it long ago. Its necessity is also reflected in the “homeostatic drive for sleep”: similar to hunger or thirst, the longer the absence of sleep, the stronger the urge to fall asleep.

All of us are familiar with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, popularly known as HIV, as it has been one of the most dreaded viruses in the world for a long time. HIV infection has long been one of the world’s most challenging and stigmatised conditions, and despite decades of awareness efforts and scientific progress, misconceptions still surround it. Once you contract HIV, unfortunately, there is no cure. However, advances in treatment and prevention have transformed HIV in

Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of adult leukemia and one of the most aggressive blood cancers. It mainly affects older adults and is marked by the rapid buildup of abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy ones. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation can help some patients, but many—especially older individuals—either cannot tolerate these treatments or eventually relapse. In recent years, scientists have

Heather Armstrong DNP, AGACNP-BC Recently, perimenopause has taken center stage, and people are talking about it more than ever. You may have seen posts on social media feeds, heard podcast episodes focused on this topic, and browsed books explaining this phenomenon on the shelves of your local bookstore.  With so much available information, where do you begin?  What Exactly Is Perimenopause Anyway?  On average, menopause occurs at age 52. It’s the end of the female menstrual

A quick take for clinicians and  curious readers A new class of health devices delivers gentle electrical pulses to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve at the outer ear: so-called transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). Early trials in psychiatry-adjacent outcomes (insomnia, depressive symptoms, autonomic dysregulation) are promising, while safety appears favorable. But effects vary by device settings and population, and larger, multisite trials are stil

We've all watched a TV scene where a character has a seizure. They fall to the ground, shaking violently. A crowd gathers, and the hero shouts for someone to call 911, STAT!  Understanding Seizures Far from looking like a moment on your favorite medical drama, seizures take many forms, and they don’t always mean you need to call an ambulance. A seizure happens when a person's brain experiences a sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity. This can affect their movement, sen

Why Early Breast Cancer Screening Matters When it comes to breast cancer, timing truly matters. Early detection has consistently been shown to save lives. A 2025 study published in Journal of the American Medical Association looked closely at how regular breast cancer screening affects women later in life, and the results were both stunning and reassuring. The researchers followed over thirteen thousand women aged seventy and older with a diagnosis of breast cancer, and found

Photo depicting Vertigo. Retrieved from, https://geimshospital.com/blog/vertigo-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/ The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, is primarily responsible for maintaining balance and spatial awareness. Without the vestibular system to sense your position in relation to gravity, activities like walking or running would not be possible. It is composed of three structures: the peripheral apparatus, the central processing centers, and the motor outpu