Saniya Jassal

For many people, caffeine is part of their daily routine, whether it comes from coffee, tea, energy drinks, or other products. While it is best known for increasing alertness, caffeine can affect several systems throughout the body. How Caffeine Affects the Brain Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant, meaning it acts directly on the brain to promote alertness and reduce feelings of tiredness. Moderate amounts may also support processing speed and memory. However, consuming too much...

Scientists are finding ways to grow small, three-dimensional structures that resemble certain features of the developing human brain. These structures are called brain organoids. Growing Human Brain Tissue in the Lab Rather than being taken directly from a developing brain, organoids can be created from adult skin cells. Scientists first reprogram these cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can then be guided to develop into neural tissue. The result is a small collection...

Getting a medication to the right place in the body is often more difficult than simply developing the drug itself. Conventional drug-delivery systems, including nanoparticles, can face challenges such as limited targeting and rapid removal from the body. Researchers are exploring a different approach: using living cells as therapeutic delivery vehicles. Rather than acting as passive containers, these cells can naturally interact with their surroundings, remain in circulation, and sometimes...