Recently, NYC Health + Hospitals celebrated its 10th year of performing robotic surgery. With the help of the da Vinci robot, they have performed over 20,000 procedures. The NYC Health + Hospitals system has 19 of these robots that they use to help with minimally invasive procedures. What is the da Vinci Robot? The da Vinci robot moves through the surgeon's instructions. It uses an endoscopic camera, which can help the surgeon see the inside of the body. The robot also has m

Millions of people rely on their daily cup of coffee to kick-start their day and banish fatigue. Caffeine is the world's most popular psychoactive substance, prized for its ability to promote alertness and focus. However, a significant number of individuals experience a strange and frustrating phenomenon: instead of feeling energized after drinking coffee, they feel an overwhelming urge to sleep. This paradoxical response, sometimes called "caffeine-induced sleepiness," is a

Image was designed by the Author Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that originates in the colon or rectum, both of which are part of the large intestine. Millions of people globally are diagnosed with this disease, leading to approximately one million deaths each year. While CRC traditionally affected older individuals, it is now increasingly being diagnosed in people under the age of 50, with men being more affected than women [1]. In the absence of effect

Robotic surgery is a modern extension of minimally invasive surgery that combines medicine, robotics, and engineering. It allows surgeons to operate with enhanced precision, especially in complex procedures and small anatomical spaces. Rather than replacing surgeons, these systems act as controlled extensions of human movement, improving accuracy while reducing complications. How Robotic Surgery Works At the center of robotic surgery is a system made up of a surgeon’s console

When visiting a primary care doctor, most established patients will have their cholesterol levels checked as part of their annual health check-up. They are an important indicator of cardiovascular health and disease risk, often reflecting how fats are transported and contribute to the formation of plaque within blood vessels and clogged arteries. Cholesterol is carried in particles called lipoproteins, aiding in transport throughout the bloodstream. These lipoproteins are mad

Imagine you're outside. The sun is glistening, sending waves of heat across your skin. You feel the warmth slowly soaking in. Later, you go inside and begin washing your hands under cool running water. As you look down, you suddenly notice something -- your skin has darkened. You've tanned. Now imagine a different scenario. You're outside again, hearing birds chirping and feeling the sunlight on your skin. Hours later, you check your arms expecting to see a tan. Instead, your

Most people have had a headache at some point in their life. It is so common that we do not really think twice about it. But migraines? Those are different and honestly, they are still misunderstood. A lot of people use the words migraine and headache like they mean the same thing. You will hear someone say, “I have a migraine,” when really they just have a bad headache. And I get it, pain is pain. But medically, they are not the same at all. The simplest way to understand it

Figure 1: Antimicrobial Resistance & Phyto-Pharmacotherapeutics (Source: https://vegconomist.com/science/plant-based-nanoparticles-can-combat-antibiotic-resistance/) What is Antimicrobial Resistance? Antimicrobial resistance is the tendency of a microorganism to counteract the microbistatic or microbicidal effects of an antimicrobial drug. Antimicrobial resistance arises in a single microbe and is inherited in the newly reproduced microbes. The resistant microbe is able to gr

Figure 1: Diabetes Managment Introduction: The Growing Crisis Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases on the planet. Diabetes mellitus has reached the level of a global health emergency. As of 2024–2025, approximately 589 million adults worldwide are living with the condition, and this number continues to rise. For decades, managing diabetes has meant a demanding daily routine pricking fingers to check blood sugar, calculating insulin doses, counting carbohydrates

Julia Wise Finding out that a baby has a congenital abnormality can be a life-changing experience for parents. The most common of these abnormalities is called anencephaly. Babies with anencephaly do not develop parts of the skull and brain needed to support life. Anencephaly is present in approximately 3 in 10,000 pregnancies (1). While there have been some rare cases of babies with anencephaly living past a year, most do not live past 24 hours following birth (2). Accordin

Introduction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, impacting approximately 6-12% of individuals worldwide. Despite its prevalence, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and frequently misunderstood. Many individuals initially seek care for irregular periods or acne, without realizing these symptoms may be part of a broader systemic condition. PCOS is not solely a reproductive disorder, it is a multifaceted co

By B.L.Sindhuja . Medical Writer | Pharm.D What Really Occurs Post Partum? Giving birth is not only a memorable event in mother's life , but also a major physiological process that involves many changes in the body. That includes progesterone and estrogen levels drastically drop after childbirth, affecting neurotransmitters that regulate moods and emotions in the brain such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (1). Physiological recovery needs and sleep deprivation cre

Cluster headache is one of the most underdiagnosed and frequently misinterpreted headache disorders due to its distinctive pattern of attacks and symptoms. Migraines, sinusitis, and allergy headaches are well known among patients and healthcare providers, but identifying cluster headaches still remains a challenge due to lack of awareness. Though these headaches are considered rare in comparison to other types, they can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life;

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite its prevalence, it is also one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer when detected early. It affects the colon and rectum, key parts of the digestive system, and often develops silently (1). That’s why awareness about its risks, symptoms, and screening options isn’t just important, it can be lifesaving. What Is Colorectal Cancer? Colorectal cancer develops when abnormal cells grow unc

For over a century, the "Gold Standard" for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma has remained unchanged: the surgical punch or shave biopsy. However, the inherent subjectivity of visual assessment often leads to a "biopsy-heavy" clinical environment where the ratio of benign nevi to malignant melanoma can be as high as 25:1. As of 2026, the clinical tide is turning toward Non-Invasive Genomic Patch Biopsies—specifically the Pigmented Lesion Assay (PLA). This technology is shifting t

A toddler’s first steps are a memorable milestone for parents. Even before a child begins walking, many caregivers wonder how best to support their child’s feet. Do babies need shoes? What types of shoes are most appropriate? How can parents promote healthy development as their child becomes more mobile? Starting in infancy, children’s feet are continuously growing and changing. Footwear plays an important role in this process. Ill-fitting or inappropriate shoes can affect ba

Pawan Krishna Murti Do you struggle with high blood sugar and diabetes, and are you seeking natural ways to manage it? In a world where more than 462 million people are living with type 2 diabetes ( T2D), the number is expected to rise to 643 million by 2030 ( 1,2). The need for simple, effective prevention strategies has never been greater. One of the earliest warning signs is insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, leading

The Measles outbreak in the United States of America has been in the headlines for a while now. New cases have been reported all over the United States over the past couple of months. These cases have managed to reach places like Disneyland and universities like Ave Maria University and UW-Madison. Measles is a highly contagious disease and can be extremely serious. The best way to stay protected is with two doses of the MMR vaccine. Symptoms of measles can include cough, fev

The Brain Have you ever heard the term “hunger cues”? Or wondered why your body tells you to stop eating once you feel full? That sensation isn’t random -- it’s controlled by a hormone called leptin. Leptin is a protein hormone produced primarily by fat (adipose) cells in your body. Its main job is to help regulate energy balance. After you eat, fat cells release leptin into the bloodstream. This hormone travels to a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which is respon

By: Linda Boone BSN,RN Urge incontinence is the sudden, compelling need to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine. It is closely related to, and may overlap with, stress incontinence. When both types occur together, the condition is known as mixed incontinence. Mixed incontinence involves urine leakage caused by both physical pressure (stress) and involuntary bladder contractions (urge). Although these conditions share similarities, they differ in their cause: stres