Pink Eye 101: What You Need to Know About This Common Eye Condition

Introduction

Have you ever wondered about that redness and itchiness in your eyes? It could be pink eye, a common condition affecting children and adults. But don't worry, it is usually not serious and can be easily handled. In this article, we'll delve into the causes, symptoms, prevention, and when to seek medical help for pink eye.

What is Pink Eye?

Conjunctivitis is the inflammation or infection of the thin, clear tissue in the eye called the conjunctiva; it lines the front of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Pink eye commonly makes the eye look pink or red, hence the name.

Causes of Pink Eye

Viruses, bacteria, allergens, and irritants are the common causes of pink eye. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and typically associated with the common cold or flu. Bacterial pink eye results from poor hand hygiene after contact with contaminated surfaces and is more common in children. Allergens or dander are the main causes of allergic conjunctivitis.  Irritants like chemicals, smoke, dust, contact lenses, and eyelashes can cause irritant pink eye.

Symptoms of Pink Eye

These symptoms vary based on the cause, and they include:

·         Red or pink in the white of the eye and inner eyelids

·         Itching or irritation in the eye (allergic)

·         Watery (viral) or thick discharge (bacterial)

·         Crusty eyelids and lashes (bacterial)

·         Gritty feeling in the eye

·         Increased sensitivity to light

How Pink Eye Spreads

Some of these types of pink eye are highly contagious, namely the viral and bacterial ones. Spread from infected persons occurs through:

·   Close personal contact, i.e., hand shaking or touching

·  Coughing or sneezing

·   Touching contaminated surfaces and poor hand hygiene

So, to prevent pink eye, it is essential to:

·  Wash hands with soap and water

·    Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes

·    If you already have pink eye, wash any discharge and dispose of used cotton balls; use hot water to wash used washcloths

·    Stop wearing contact lenses until resolved

·    Do not touch eye drop bottles on the eye; do not share eyedrops

·    Wash pillowcases, sheets, and towels in hot water

·    Stay home, especially when having symptoms and fever

Treatment Options

Some cases of pink eye can resolve with medication in 7-14 days. When using eye drops, be sure to follow medical directions. However, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider when:

·         The patient is a newborn- should see a healthcare provider immediately

·         You experience pain in the eyes

·         Light sensitivity does not improve

·         Worsening redness

·         Worsening symptoms

·         Compromised immune system like in cancer or HIV, or when using steroidal medications

·         Wash off or remove exposure to irritants or allergens

The Bottom Line

Pink eye can be a highly contagious condition if caused by a virus or bacteria. However, with attention to care and management, it can be managed at home. Always consult a medical provider when symptoms are getting worse or when in doubt. Practice hand hygiene, as it is the number one way of protecting ourselves and our families.

References

Conjunctivitis Information for Clinicians. (2024).https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/clinical.html

When and How to Wash Your Hands. (2024). https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board

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