Antibiotics  Antibiotics are groups of powerful, lifesaving medications used to treat bacterial infections. It is important to note that they do not work against viral infections like colds or flu. Antibiotics work by either killing the bacteria or preventing the multiplication of bacteria.   Bacteria are tiny, single-celled living organisms. There are millions of different types of bacteria. Bacteria can be found in and on your body and are beneficial to you.  Other bacteria

Steve Jobs was open about how using LSD shaped his worldview and enhanced his creativity. Spiritual leader Ram Das, who has millions of followers postmortem, attributed his spiritual awakening to psychedelics. Now pharmaceutical companies around the world are racing to bring these types of drugs to your medicine cabinet. In 2023, the FDA legitimized the potential therapeutic use of psychedelics by issuing “ first draft guidance ” for clinical trials. (1) And in 2024, the FDA

Abstract Stress has become a pervasive health concern, contributing to a range of psychological and physiological disorders. Meditation, a key component of many mind–body interventions, has been widely explored as a nonpharmacologic approach to mitigating stress and promoting overall well-being. This article synthesizes findings from recent clinical and observational research examining the effects of meditation on stress reduction. Evidence from randomized controlled trials a

Introduction Obesity has become one of the most pressing health challenges of our time. Beyond affecting appearance or daily comfort, it is closely linked with serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, joint disease, and even depression. Traditional weight loss strategies—diet, exercise, and behavioral changes—often provide limited and short-lived results. But in recent years, a new class of medications has begun to change the landscape: GLP-1 rece

According to UN Weather report, there were approximately 489,000 heat-related deaths annually between 2000 and 2019, with 36 per cent occurring in Europe and 45 per cent in Asia. With global warming making extreme weather phenomena more and more common, heat waves have also begun to break records. While some may welcome the seemingly sunnier summers, for millions this weather anomaly entails being hit hard physically and economically. Rising temperatures bring with them droug

As we age, our bodies change- and so do our health needs. Many older adults live with chronic conditions like high blood pressure, arthritis, or diabetes, and these often require medication. But what happens when medications start to pile up? That's where polypharmacy comes in. Polypharmacy is just a fancy word for when someone takes multiple medications at the same time. While sometimes necessary, polypharmacy can also bring serious risks. Why Polypharmacy Matters Taking sev

Image credit: Freepik What is Cannabis? Cannabis commonly known as marijuana, is the dried parts of the marijuana plant. It contains more than eighty biologically active chemical compounds that can alter your mood, thoughts, and consciousness. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the commonly known compounds in the cannabis plant. THC is the compound know to give you the "high" with marijuana use. How is Cannabis used? Cannabis is used for medicinal pu

Paracetamol (acetaminophen), reduces fever and relieves mild to moderate pain. It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol.   Because pregnant women often face limits on what medications are considered “safe,” paracetamol is typically recommended as the first-line option when something is needed. However, over the past years, there has been increasing scientific scrutiny about whether paracetamol might carry ri

Stoppage Rate of Semaglutide Use According to data reported by Reimar Thomsen, MD, PhD, of Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, about 52% (40,262 of 77310) adults without diabetes who took semaglutide for weight loss ceased to take the medication after 12 months, while about 18% of the adults stopping to take Wegovy injection within 3 months, 31% within 6 months, and 42% within 9 months. Thomsen noted at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) annual meeti

What are antibiotics? Antibiotics are chemical agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria by either killing them or stopping them from growing. They are used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Antibiotics have improved the life span of human due to their positive outcomes in the management of many bacterial infections Antibiotics resistance This is the ability for a microorganism (bacteria) to thrive in the presence of antibiotic treatment, which has been previously

First responders are those who work in emergency medical services (EMS) and are trained to address emergencies outside of the health clinic or hospital. A common belief is that EMS are ambulance drivers. While transport to hospitals can be part of EMS, the work requires much more. Assessing scene safety, rapid identification of life threatening emergencies, and applying life saving measures are also core parts of the job. Careers in EMS attract those who are interested in lea

Imagine a medicine that works like a missile . It finds diseased cells and delivers a tiny dose of radiation right where it’s needed. That’s what radiopharmaceuticals do. They are drugs that carry a radioactive atom attached to a molecule that knows how to find a specific target in the body. They could direct the radioactivity to specific cells, tissues, or biological pathways, and are used both to image disease (diagnostic tracers) and to treat disease (therapeutic radiophar

Prevalence of Obesity in the US According to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, between August 2021 and August 2023, the prevalence of obesity in adults was 40.3%. Obesity is considered a chronic condition that increases the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. Furthermore, prevalence of obesity has continued to increase among both men and women between 1999 and 2018. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist as

Paracetamol and ibuprofen are two of the most common painkillers which you can get over the counter at a pharmacy and are widely available for purchase in many shops. But many people don't know the difference between the two, which means many people struggle to know what may be best for them. Drug mechanisms: Paracetamol Paracetamol, sometimes sold under the names Tylenol, Panadol and many others, is used for various types of pain, from headaches, to tooth ache, to period pai

Introduction Cancer is a major global public health challenge, claiming approximately 10 million lives in 2020 alone. Over the past decades, cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of cancer treatment, featuring common drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, and methotrexate. While these agents effectively kill tumor cells, their lack of specificity inevitably damages normal tissues, leading to severe side effects that limit clinical application. Balancing therapeutic ef

Sana, a 28-year-old marketing executive, felt a mild headache after a long day at work. Without thinking much, she grabbed an OTC painkiller from the corner store. ‘It’s just a headache,’ she thought. But over the next few days, she started experiencing stomach cramps, dizziness, and fatigue that interfered with her meetings and workouts. “I didn’t think an OTC pill could do this,” she admitted. She isn’t alone. Millions of people treat OTC medications as harmless quick fixe

Introduction What if treating cancer could be as simple as taking a pill — but not just any pill, a smart pill  that travels through your body, locates the tumor, and delivers medication exactly where it’s needed? This vision is becoming more realistic as researchers develop capsule-targeted drug delivery systems , designed to improve treatment outcomes while reducing side effects. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which circulates through the entire body and often causes unwa

Introduction Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of anticancer drugs that “bundle” targeted antibodies with potent chemotherapeutic agents, delivering them directly to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. The first HER2-targeted ADC, trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DM1), received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2013 for treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. It gained approval for adjuvant therapy in 2019,

ACP-319 Report-Drug and Patient use and information Age group Adults: aged 18 and over. ( ClinicalTrials.gov ,2022) Drug action The PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-pathway is a cellular signalling pathway, that regulates cell proliferation and growth but overstimulating growth of these cells can cause cancer/tumours, such as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL). (Uko, Guner, Matesic and Bowen, 2020). ACP-319 is a PI3K Inhibitor, meaning it inhibits the progression of thi

Understanding Peanut Allergy and the Role of Palforzia   Peanut allergy affects 1-2% of people in the United States, making it one of the most common food allergies (1). This happens when the immune system mistakes proteins in peanuts for harmful substances. When this occurs, the body releases chemicals that trigger allergic reactions, which can range from mild symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis (2).   Peanuts are legumes, not tree nuts, and are related to soybeans, pea