What is spina bifida? Spina bifida is a birth defect associated with the incomplete development of the spine, particularly the neural...

The pupillary light reflex is a critical physiological response that allows the pupil to constrict in response to light, thereby...

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the decline of cognitive functions, such as memory, language, motor control or reasoning....

All you need to know about dyslexia. What Is Dyslexia? Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability due to disruption in the brain,...

Memories are what make us who we are. They allow us to process the environment around us, make changes to our behavior, and most...

For decades, the prevailing view in neuroscience has been that memories are exclusively the domain of neurons in the brain. However, a...

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder that causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to die. It slowly destroys memory, thinking,...

Overview: Whether you have experienced the leaden weight in your stomach before a speech or had your vision spiral when you stand on a...

Imagine a storm that's brewing right behind your eyes, one that lasts for hours or days, that strikes without mercy inside your head. A...

Introduction to the Vestibular System The vestibular system is a collection of sensory organs in the inner ear that help you maintain...

Figure 1. Normal Foot vs. Charcot Foot By Nikki Elmi Charcot foot is a progressive, degenerative condition that severely impacts the...

Music therapy (MT) is a non-pharmacological treatment widely used to deal with dysfunctions caused by various illnesses, particularly...

Imagine you or someone close to you suddenly starts feeling ill. They may feel sudden dizziness, difficulties with speech, or loss of...

Authored by Dianna Goodwin, MSN, RN Parkinson’s disease is a condition that affects movement. It happens when the brain doesn’t make...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by airway collapse leading to episodes of breathing cessation. In North...

Stress. Caffeine. Lack of caffeine. Medications. Dehydration. Lack of sleep. Poor diet. Alcohol... Headaches can be caused by multiple...

Pain is a common, yet often under-recognized symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It affects approximately 40-80% of patients and can...

Caring for People with Alzheimer's Disease Caring for individuals with Alzheimer's disease requires a compassionate, patient, and...

Epilepsy and brain tumours require surgeries with large incisions and long recovery periods. However, Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy...

Restless legs syndrome Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder...