Fatal Familial Insomnia is a rare, fatal, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative prion disease. FFI is caused by mutation in PRNP gene, causing misfolded proteins (prions) in the brain, particularly in thalamus, where sleep-wake cycle is controlled.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal brain disorder caused by misfolded prion proteins. These prions destroy brain cells, causing rapid dementia, coordination issues, and muscle spasms. With no cure, care focuses on symptom relief and comfort for patients and their families.