Cracked Heels: Why They Happen and How to Heal Them

Cracked heels develop when the skin on the heels becomes dry and thickened. The heels naturally experience significant pressure and friction during walking and standing, which often leads to the formation of calluses. When these calluses become excessively dry, the skin can split, resulting in painful cracks known as heel fissures. Certain medical conditions and age-related changes can also increase a person’s risk of developing cracked heels.

Several factors can contribute to the development of cracked heels. Dry skin is one of the most common causes. While anyone can experience dry skin, some individuals are more susceptible due to underlying medical conditions. These include older age, diabetes, eczema, juvenile plantar dermatosis, psoriasis, palmoplantar keratoderma, and hypothyroidism. Vitamin deficiencies, particularly deficiencies in vitamins E, B3 (niacin), and C, have also been associated with cracked heels. Although these deficiencies are uncommon in developed countries, they can occur under certain circumstances.

Lifestyle factors can also increase the likelihood of developing cracked heels. Obesity places additional pressure on the heels, causing the skin to expand and making it more prone to cracking. Standing for prolonged periods and wearing open-back shoes or sandals can also contribute by increasing pressure on the heel and allowing moisture to escape from the skin.

Many people with cracked heels experience no symptoms beyond dry, rough skin. However, as cracks deepen, they can become painful, especially while walking or standing. In severe cases, the fissures may bleed or make daily activities uncomfortable.

For most people, cracked heels are not a serious medical condition. However, they can become problematic for individuals with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, or peripheral arterial disease. Because the skin is broken, deep cracks create an entry point for bacteria, increasing the risk for infection. People with these conditions should seek medical advice before attempting to treat cracked heels at home.

The foundation of treatment is restoring moisture to the skin and reducing thickened calluses. Avoid long, hot showers or baths, as excessive heat and prolonged soaking can further dry the skin. Instead, limit bathing to 5-10 minutes and apply a moisturizer within five minutes of drying off to help lock in moisture.

Choose a moisturizing cream that contains 10-25% urea, alpha hydroxy acids, or salicyclic acid, as these ingredients help soften thickened skin and improve hydration. Products containing cermides are also beneficial because they help strengthen the skin barrier and reduce moisture loss.

Before bedtime, apply a thick occlusive ointment, such as petroleum jelly, over your moisturizer and wear cotton socks overnight. This helps seal in moisture and promotes healing. After bathing, a pumice stone may be used to gently reduce excess callused skin. However, individuals with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, or peripheral arterial disease should consult their healthcare provider before using a pumice stone or attempting any self-treatment.

If the cracks are deep, an over-the-counter liquid bandage may help protect the area while it heals. Watch closely for signs of infection, including increasing pain, redness, swelling, warmth or pus. If any of these symptoms develop, or if the cracks do not improve with home treatment, seek medical attention promptly.

In most cases, cracked heels can be successfully treated with consistent moisturizing, gentle skin care, and addressing the underlying factors that contribute to dry, thickened skin. While they are often a minor nuisance, deep or painful heel fissures should not be ignored, especially in individuals with diabetes or poor circulation, as they can increase the risk of infection and other complications. If home treatments are not effective or your symptoms worsen, schedule an evaluation with a podiatrist. Early treatment can relieve discomfort, promote healing, and help prevent future problems.

References:

American Academy of Dermatology Association. How to care for dry, cracked heels. Updated January 31, 2022. Accessed August 3, 2026. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/dry/dry-heels

Cleveland Clinic. Cracked heels? Here's how to heal your feet. Published September 2, 2025. Accessed August 3, 2026. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dont-let-dry-heels-ruin-sandal-season

Godman H. The heel problem that threatens your mobility. Harvard Health Publishing. Published January 1, 2022. Accessed August 3, 2026. https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/the-heel-problem-that-threatens-your-mobility

Mayo Clinic Staff. How to heal cracked heels. Mayo Clinic. Published February 21, 2025. Accessed August 3, 2026. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-skin/expert-answers/cracked-heels-treatment/faq-20455140

 Ngan V. Cracked heel. DermNet NZ. Published 2006. Updated October 2022. Accessed August 3, 2026. https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cracked-heel

Yetman D. Can cracked heels be caused by a vitamin deficiency? Healthline. Updated October 6, 2023. Accessed August 3, 2026. https://www.healthline.com/health/cracked-heels-vitamin-deficiency

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