Dhanvin Raj Puppala

Finger-prick blood glucose testing using a glucometer provides a real-time “snapshot” of blood sugar levels, helping individuals with diabetes monitor and adjust their management in response to immediate changes (Diabetes Ireland). Introduction Diabetes mellitus is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Accurate assessment of glycaemic status is central to preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Monitoring...

Figure 1. Clinical assessment of tibial torsion in a child: (A) prone examination with the knees flexed to 90°; (B) measurement of the thigh–foot angle (TFA); (C) assessment of the external transmalleolar (tibial) torsion angle (ETT). Rotational deformities are common childhood differences in the way the legs and feet point while standing, walking, or running. Parents often notice intoeing (“pigeon toes”) or out-toeing (feet pointing outward). In most children these patterns are normal...

Rotational atherectomy: a diamond-tipped burr is advanced through a narrowed coronary artery to grind calcified plaque into tiny particles, helping restore blood flow. What it is? Atherectomy is a catheter based procedure used to remove or modify plaque inside an artery. Plaque is a buildup of cholesterol, calcium, and scar like material that can narrow blood vessels and reduce blood flow. Atherectomy is performed through a small tube placed into an artery, often in the groin or wrist, and is...