Pain relievers and Ulcers
- Takudzwa
- 10 hours ago
- 2 min read
NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are a class of medications that reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. Common examples include over-the-counter options like ibuprofen and aspirin. These over-the-counter pain relievers can irritate and damage the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine, causing ulcers due to their mechanisms of action.
An ulcer is an open sore on the surface of a bodily membrane, most commonly a peptic ulcer on the lining of the stomach or duodenum. These ulcers form when the protective mucous layer is eroded, allowing digestive juices to damage the tissue beneath. While often painful, ulcers can also appear on the skin, cornea, or other mucous membranes.
Ulcer symptoms
Studies have shown that up to 70% of people with peptic ulcer disease don’t notice symptoms. Typical examples include:
Esophageal ulcers - difficulty swallowing or pain when swallowing
Gastric ulcers - burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen that may get worse when the stomach is empty
Duodenal ulcers - burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen
Risk factors
Old age - this includes people older than 60
NSAIDs use - taking high doses of NSAIDs or two or more NSAIDs increases the risk. So does taking NSAIDS with certain other medicines
Prior peptic ulcer - people who have had a peptic ulcer before have a higher risk of having another one
Prevention and management of medicine-induced ulcers
Reduce NSAID use - use the lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration possible. Consult with a healthcare provider about using alternatives or additional medications to protect the stomach
Take with water - to prevent esophageal irritation, always take pills with an adequate amount of water and avoid lying down for a period afterward
Monitor for symptoms - be aware of the symptoms mentioned above and report them to your doctor immediately
Seek medical attention - if you experience any signs or symptoms of a drug-induced ulcer, it is important to stop the medication and contact your healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan
Food - doesn’t cause peptic ulcers however, it can make symptoms worse, especially spicy or acidic foods.
Alcohol and smoking - can also aggravate ulcers. Avoid these if you have symptoms or a history of peptic ulcer disease.
Treatment options
H2 blockers to lower stomach acid
Cytoprotective agents to coat and protect your lining
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to lower acid and protect your lining
Conclusion
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) occurs when the body’s natural defenses against stomach acids and digestive enzymes become weakened. This process develops gradually and often requires medical treatment to reverse.
Although peptic ulcers are both common and treatable, leaving them unattended can result in serious complications. Even if your symptoms seem mild, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider without delay.
References
1 Peptic ulcer disease, Lanas, Angel et al. The Lancet, Volume 390, Issue 10094, 613 - 624
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