Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-Epidemiology & Definition

Demonstration of ejection fraction

• Background knowledge

  What is ejection fraction (EF)？

EF is the fraction of the blood ejected out from the filled heart. As an example, if left ventricle (LV) has 100 ml blood after filling (at the end of diastole) and 70 ml is ejected out during the next contraction (contraction), the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) is 70%. LVEF is one of the most common ways to measure LV systolic function.

What is the normal value for LVEF?

The normal range for LVEF at rest is 50% – 70%. LVEF that is too high or too low indicates that the heart is not working properly.

• Epidemiology

  HFpEF is a prevalent condition, accounting for approximately 50% of all patients with heart failure. Moreover, research has identified that more than 4% of individuals aged above 60 years are affected by HFpEF.

• Definition

  From 2023 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Management of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction:

  HFpEF: Clinical diagnosis of HF and LVEF ≥ 50% not attributable to an underlying cause such as an infiltrative cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, pericardial disease, or high-output HF.

  HFpEF mimics: Clinical diagnosis of HF and LVEF ≥ 50% with a primary noncardiac cause (kidney or liver disease)or an underlying cardiac cause (infiltrative cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, pericardial disease, or high-output HF).

• Reference & Link

1.https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2012.8.2.108

2.https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-93980

3.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.393

4.https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641

5.What is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? - All About Heart And Blood Vessels

Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board